-
Lange, B.-P.; Hillebrand, A.: Medienkompetenz - die neue Herausforderung der Informationsgesellschaft (1996)
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Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:22:13
- Source
- Emerging frameworks and methods: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4), Seattle, WA, July 21 - 25, 2002. Eds.: Fidel, R., H. Bruce, P. Ingwersen u. P. Vakkari
-
Hoel, I.A.L.: Information science and hermeneutics : should information science be interpreted as a historical and humanistic science? (1992)
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- Source
- Conceptions of library and information science: historical, empirical and theoretical perspectives. E. by P. Vakkari and B. Cronin
-
Medien und Kommunikation : Konstruktionen von Wirklichkeit (1990-91)
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- Content
- Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: (0): SCHMIDT, S.J.: Medien, Kommunikation und das 18. Kamel; WEISCHENBERG, S.: Die Realität des John F. Kennedy; MERTEN, K.: Wirken sie wirklich, die Wirkungen der Massenkommunikation?; (1): WEISCHENBERG, S.: Der Kampf um die Köpfe: Affären und die Spielregeln der 'Mediengesellschaft'; SCHMIDT, S.J.: Wir verstehen uns doch? Von der Unwahrscheinlicjkeit gelingender Kommunikation; MERTEN, K.: Inszenierung von Alltag: Kommunikation, Massenkommunikation, Medien; (2): KRUSE, P. u. M. STADLER: Wahrnehmen, Verstehen, Erinnern: der Aufbau des psychischen Apparates; SCHEFFER, B.: Wie wir erkennen: die soziale Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit im Individuum; (3): KRIPPENDORFF, K.: Der verschwundene Bote: Metaphern und Modelle der Kommunikation; GRABOWSKI, J., T. HERRMANN u. R. POBEL: Sprechen, Handeln, Regulieren: vom Zeichentausch zum zielgerichteten Sprechen; (4): RUSCH, G.: Verstehen verstehen: kognitive Autonomie und soziale Regulation; MEUTSCH, D.: Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausend Worte? Befunde zum Bildverstehen; (5): MERTEN, K.: Unsere tägliche Wirklichkeit heute: wie Medien die Kommunikation entfalten; ASSMANN, A. u, J. ASSMANN: Das Gestern im Heute: Medien und soziales Gedächtnis; ELSNER, M., H.U. GUMBRECHT, T. MÜLLER u. P.M. SPANGENBERG: Von Revolution zu Revolution: zur Kulturgeschichte der Medien; (6) SCHMIDT, S.J.: Die Münzen der Kommunikation: Gattungen, Berichterstattungsmuster, Darstellungsformen; RUHRMANN, G.: Zeitgeschichte à la carte: Ereignis, Nachricht und Rezipient; (7) NEVERLA, I.: Männerwelten - Frauenwelten: Wirklichkeitsmodelle, Geschlechterrollen, Chancenverteilung; FAULSTICH, W.: Stars: Idole, Werbeträger, Helden: sozialer Wandel durch Medien; (8): SCHMIDT, S.J.: Das 'Wahre, Schöne, Gute'? Literatur als soziales System; WEISCHENBERG, S. u. U. HIENZSCH: Neuigkeiten vom Fließband: Journalismus als soziales System; WEISCHENBERG, S, u. U. HIENZSCH: Von der Tontafel zum Chip: technische Grundlagen der Medienkommunikation; PROTT, J.: Kommunikation als Dienst und Handel: Organisation und Ökonomie der Medien; (9): RÜHL, M.: Zwischen Information und Unterhaltung: Funktionen der Medienkommunikation; MERTEN, K.: Allmacht oder Ohnmacht der Medien? Erklärungsmuster der Medienwirkungsforschung; PETERS, H.P.: Warner oder Angstmacher? Thema Risikokommunikation; (10): KREBS, D.: Verführung oder Therapie? Pornographie und Gewalt in den Medien; HURRELMANN, B.: Sozialisation vor dem Bildschirm: Kinder und Medien; LANG; K. u. G.E. Lang: Spiegel der Gesellschaft: Medien und öffentliche Meinung; (11): RÖPER, H.: Märkte, Mächte, Monopole: das Mediensystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; KLEINSTEUBER, H.J.: Das globale Netz: nationale und internationale Mediensysteme; (12): BAACKE, D. u. H.-D. Kübler: Lernen und Erziehen in der Medienumwelt: Konzepte der Medienpädagogik; LÖFFELHOLZ, M. u. K.-D. ALTMEPPEN: Kommunikation morgen: Perspektiven der 'Informationsgesellschaft'
- Date
- 15.10.1995 11:44:22
-
Hjoerland, B.: ¬The controversy over the concept of information : a rejoinder to Professor Bates (2009)
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- Content
- "This letter considers some main arguments in Professor Bates' article (2008), which is part of our former debate (Bates, 2005,2006; Hjoerland, 2007). Bates (2008) does not write much to restate or enlarge on her theoretical position but is mostly arguing about what she claims Hjorland (2007) ignored or misinterpreted in her two articles. Bates (2008, p. 842) wrote that my arguments did not reflect "a standard of coherence, consistency, and logic that is expected of an argument presented in a scientific journal." My argumentation below will refute this statement. This controversy is whether information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon (alone), as an objective phenomenon (alone), or as a combined objective and a subjective phenomenon ("having it both ways"). Bates (2006) defined "information" (sometimes, e.g., termed "information 1," p. 1042) as an objective phenomenon and "information 2" as a subjective phenomenon. However, sometimes the term "information" is also used as a synonym for "information 2," e.g., "the term information is understood to refer to one or both senses" (p. 1042). Thus, Professor Bates is not consistent in using the terminology that she herself introduces, and confusion in this controversy may be caused by Professor Bates' ambiguity in her use of the term "information." Bates (2006, p. 1033) defined information as an objective phenomenon by joining a definition by Edwin Parker: "Information is the pattern of organization of matter and energy." The argument in Hjoerland (2007) is, by contrast, that information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon all the way down: That neither the objective definition of information nor "having it both ways" is fruitful. This is expressed, for example, by joining Karpatschof's (2000) definition of information as a physical signal relative to a certain release mechanism, which implies that information is not something objective that can be understood independently of an observer or independently of other kinds of mechanism that are programmed to be sensitive to specific attributes of a signal: There are many differences in the world, and each of them is potentially informative in given situations. Regarding Parker's definition, "patterns of organization of matter and energy" are no more than that until they inform somebody about something. When they inform somebody about something, they may be considered information. The following quote is part of the argumentation in Bates (2008): "He contrasts my definition of information as 'observer-independent' with his position that information is 'situational' and adds a list of respected names on the situational side (Hjoerland, 2007, p. 1448). What this sentence, and much of the remainder of his argument, ignores is the fact that my approach accounts for both an observer-independent and a contextual, situational sense of information." Yes, it is correct that I mostly concentrated on refuting Bates' objective definition of information. It is as if Bates expects an overall appraisal of her work rather than providing a specific analysis of the points on which there are disagreements. I see Bates' "having it both ways": a symptom of inconsistence in argumentation.
Bates (2008, p. 843) further writes about her definition of information: "This is the objectivist foundation, the rock bottom minimum of the meaning of information; it informs both articles throughout." This is exactly the focus of my disagreement. If we take a word in a language, it is understood as both being a "pattern of organization of matter and energy" (e.g., a sound) and carrying meaning. But the relation between the physical sign and its meaning is considered an arbitrary relation in linguistics. Any physical material has the potential of carrying any meaning and to inform somebody. The physical stuff in itself is not information until it is used as a sign. An important issue in this debate is whether Bates' examples demonstrate the usefulness of her own position as opposed to mine. Her example about information seeking concerning navigation and how "the very layout of the ship and the design of the bridge promoted the smooth flow of information from the exterior of the ship to the crew and among the crewmembers" (Bates, 2006, pp. 1042-1043) does not justify Bates' definition of information as an objective phenomenon. The design is made for a purpose, and this purpose determines how information should be defined in this context. Bates' view on "curatorial sciences" (2006, p. 1043) is close to Hjorland's suggestions (2000) about "memory institutions," which is based on the subjective understanding of information. However, she does not relate to this proposal, and she does not argue how the objective understanding of information is related to this example. I therefore conclude that Bates' practical examples do not support her objective definition of information, nor do they support her "having it both ways." Finally, I exemplify the consequences of my understanding of information by showing how an archaeologist and a geologist might represent the same stone differently in information systems. Bates (2008, p. 843) writes about this example: "This position is completely consistent with mine." However, this "consistency" was not recognized by Bates until I published my objections and, therefore, this is an indication that my criticism was needed. I certainly share Professor Bates (2008) advice to read her original articles: They contain much important stuff. I just recommend that the reader ignore the parts that argue about information being an objective phenomenon."
References Bates, M.J. (2005). Information and knowledge: An evolutionary framework for information science. Information Research, 10(4), paper 239. Available at http://InformationR.net/ir/10-4/paper239.html. Bates, M.J. (2006). Fundamental forms of information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(8), 1033-1045. Bates, M.J. (2008). Hjorland's critique of Bates' work on defining information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(5), 842-844. Hjoerland, B. (2000). Documents, memory institutions, and information science. Journal of Documentation, 56, 27-41. Hjoerland, B. (2007). Information: Objective or subjective-situational? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(10), 1448-1456. Karpatschof, B. (2000). Human activity. Contributions to the anthropological sciences from a perspective of activity theory. Copenhagen: Dansk Psykologisk Forlag. Retrieved May 14, 2007, from http://informationr.net/ir/ 12-3/Karpatschof/Karp00.html.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:13:27
-
Becker, W.; Döge, P.; Fiack, A.; Heuermann, A.; Hunger, R.; Märtens, G.; Olek, A.; Poltermann, A.; Rohde, A.; Rosenhagen, H.; Sandow, B.; Weiss, T.; Stadermann, G.; Zimmer, D.: Neue Wege - neue Chancen : Bausteine einer grünen Wissenschafts- und Forschungspolitik (1999/2000)
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-
Favre-Bulle, B.: Information und Zusammenhang : Informationsfluß in Prozessen der Wahrnehmung, des Denkens und der Kommunikation (2001)
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- Content
- Absolute und relative Perspektiven: Die Sterne des Orion; Babylonische Informationsverwirrungen; Eine Navigationshilfe.- Information: Informationsparadigmen; Information in der Nachrichtentechnik; Signale, Daten, Information und Wissen; Information und Bedeutung.- Konnektionistische Modelle: Ein konnektionistisches Informationsmodell; Informationsfluß im Netzmodell.- Wissen: Definition von Wissen; Klassifizierung von Wissen; Wissensrepräsentation.- Wahrnehmung und Denken: Kognition; Paradigmen und Modelle; Wahrnehmung; Kognitive Systeme und Kontext; Denken.- Kontext: Was ist Kontext?; Eine Kontext-Metapher; Die Logik und HOLMES; Das Konzept ist(c, p).- Sprache: Die sprachliche Dimension; Struktur der Sprache; Sprache als Medium der Information; Sprache und Kontext 1: Air Traffic Control; Sprache und Kontext 2: Japanisch. - Enthält Abschnitte zu: Kommunikation; Medien; Medienwissenschaft; Kognitionswissenschaft; Informatik; Wirtschaft
- Date
- 22. 3.2008 14:53:43
-
Information, eine dritte Wirklichkeitsart neben Materie und Geist (1995)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2001 10:22:25
- Editor
- Kroker, E.J.M. u. B. Deschamps
-
Davenport, E.; Cronin, B.: Knowledge management : Semantic drift or conceptual shift? (2000)
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- Date
- 31. 7.2001 20:22:57
-
Otto, P.; Sonntag, P.: Wege in die Informationsgesellschaft : Steuerungsprobleme in Wirtschaft und Politik (1985)
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- Classification
- Soz B 91 / Informationssoziologie
Soz B 91 / Gesellschaft
Soz B 91 / Informationsgesellschaft
- SBB
- Soz B 91 / Informationssoziologie
Soz B 91 / Gesellschaft
Soz B 91 / Informationsgesellschaft
-
Bates, M.J.: Fundamental forms of information (2006)
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- Content
- Vgl. Erwiderung: Hjoerland, B.: The controversy over the concept of information: a rejoinder to Professor Bates. In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.643.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:15:22
-
Schneider, J.W.: Emerging frameworks and methods : The Fourth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4), The Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, July 21-25, 2002 (2002)
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- Footnote
- Bericht über die Tagung und Kurzreferate zu den 18 Beiträgen (u.a. BELKIN, N.J.: A classification of interactions with information; INGWERSEN, P.: Cognitive perspectives of document representation; HJOERLAND, B.: Principia informatica: foundational theory of the concepts of information and principles of information services; TUOMINEN, K. u.a.: Discourse, cognition and reality: towards a social constructionist meta-theory for library and information science
-
Calvin, W.H.; Ojemann, G.A.: Einsicht ins Gehirn : wie Denken und Sprache entsteht (1995)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2000 18:41:04
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Frankfurter Rundschau Nr.23 vom 27.1.1996, S.ZB4 (P. Kruntorad); Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1996, H.3, S.116 (G. Wolf)
-
Radermacher, F.: Nachhaltigkeit konkret: Wissen: Information und Kommunikation : Chancen der digitalen Revolution (1999)
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- Date
- 2. 4.2000 14:38:22
- Source
- Agenda 21. Vision: Nachhaltige Entwicklung. Hrsg.: B. Breuel
-
Wissensveränderung durch Medien : theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Analysen (1990)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: MERTEN, K.: Wissensveränderung durch Medien: Aufriß und Kritik; KLEDZIK, S.M.: Semiotischer versus technischer Medienbegriff: das Medium als Konstituens des Zeichenprozesses; VUKOVICH, A. u. J. KREMS: Schemata der Wissensvermittlung: zur jognitiven Wirkung stilistischer Formulierungsvarianten; PERRIG, W.J.: Können Medien Verhalten steuern, ohne Wissen zu verändern? ENGELKAMP, J. u. H.D. ZIMMER: Unterschiede in der Repräsentation und Verarbeitung von Wissen in Abhängigkeit von Kanal, Reizmodalität, Inhalt und Aufgabenstellung; TERGAN, S.-O.: Theorieorientierte qualitative Wissensdiagnose in der Medienforschung; RENCKSTORF, K.: Zum Problem der Beschreibung und Erklärung von Prognosen der Wissensveränderung durch Mediennutzung; SCHÖNBACH, K. u. W. EICHHORN: Transaktionen im Medienwirkungsprozeß: kognitive Konsequenzen von Zeitungsnutzung und Zeitungsnutzen; FRÜH, W.: Strukturierung themenbezogenen Wissens bei Massenmedien und Publikum; WINTERHOFF-SPURK, P.: Wissensvermittlung durch Nachrichten? Zur Kritik der Lehrfilm-Metapher; BALLSTAEDT, S.-P.: Integrative Verarbeitung bei audiovisuellen Medien; BROSIUS, H.-B.: Vermittlung von Informationen durch Fernsehnachrichten: Einfluß von Gestaltungsmerkmalen und Nachrichteninhalt; BÖHME-DÜRR, K.: Fernsehkinder: dumm und unkreativ? ISSING, L.J.: Visualisierung von Lehrtexten durch Bild-Analogien; SEEL, N.M.: Wissen, Lernen und Kommunikation
-
Watzlawick, P.: Wie wirklich ist die Wirklichkeit? : Wahn, Täuschung, Verstehen (1976)
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- Classification
- Soz B 91 / Kommunikation
- SBB
- Soz B 91 / Kommunikation
-
Multimedia-Gesellschaft (1996)
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- Content
- Themenschwerpunkt mit den Beiträgen: FREY, S., G. KEMPTER u. H.-G. FRENZ: Theoretische Grundlagen der multimedialen Kommunikation; LANGE, B.-P. u. A. HILLEBRAND: Medienkompetenz - die neue Herausforserung der Informationsgesellschaft; Zwischen Big Brother und dem Marktplatz von Athen (Interview mit S. MOSDORF)
-
Knowledge, concepts and categories (1997)
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- Content
- Enthält die Kapitel: (1) HEIT, E.: Knowledge and concept learning (2) HAHN, U. u. N. CHATER: Concepts and similarity (3) MURPHY, G.L. u. M.E. LASSALINE: Hierarchical structure in concepts and the basic level of categorization (4) HAMPTON, J.: Conceptual combination (5) SMITH, L.B. u. L.K. SAMUELSON; Perceiving and remembering: category stability, variability and development (6) SHANKS, D.R.: Distributed representations and implicit knowledge: a brief introduction (7) KNOWLTON, B.: Declarative and nondeclarative knowledge: insights from cognitive neurosciences (8) GOSCHKE, T.: Implicit learning and unconscious knowledge: mental representation, computational mechanisms, and brain structures (9) WHITTLESEA, B.W.A.: The representation of general and particular knowledge (10) LAMBERTS, K.: Process models of categorization (11) BUSEMEYER, J.R. u.a.: Learning functional relations based on experience with input-output pairs by humans and artificial neural networks (12) STORMS, G. u. P. DeBOECK: Formal models for intra-categorial structure that can be used for data analysis
-
Hjoerland, B.: Information seeking and subject representation : an activity-theoretical approach to information science (1997)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: nfd 49(1998) H.1, S.59-60 (G. Wersig), Erwiderung des Autors darauf in nfd: 49(1998) H.2, S.122-126; JASIS 49(1998) no.11, S.1043 (C. Chen); College and research libraries 59(1998) no.3, S.287-288 (P. Wilson)
-
Janich, P.: ¬Der Informationsbegriff in der Morphologie (1996)
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- Source
- Konstruktivismus und Naturerkenntnis. Hrsg.: P. Janich
