-
Sparck Jones, K.; Jones, G.J.F.; Foote, J.T.; Young, S.J.: Experiments in spoken document retrieval (1996)
0.02
0.024962941 = product of:
0.068648085 = sum of:
0.006112407 = weight(_text_:a in 1951) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.006112407 = score(doc=1951,freq=10.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.19940455 = fieldWeight in 1951, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1951)
0.00343714 = weight(_text_:s in 1951) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.00343714 = score(doc=1951,freq=4.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.118916616 = fieldWeight in 1951, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1951)
0.02204492 = weight(_text_:u in 1951) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02204492 = score(doc=1951,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.25324488 = fieldWeight in 1951, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1951)
0.037053622 = weight(_text_:k in 1951) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.037053622 = score(doc=1951,freq=4.0), product of:
0.09490114 = queryWeight, product of:
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.39044446 = fieldWeight in 1951, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1951)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- Describes experiments in the retrieval of spoken documents in multimedia systems. Speech documents pose a particular problem for retrieval since their words as well as contents are unknown. Addresses this problem, for a video mail application, by combining state of the art speech recognition with established document retrieval technologies so as to provide an effective and efficient retrieval tool. Tests with a small spoken message collection show that retrieval precision for the spoken file can reach 90% of that obtained when the same file is used, as a benchmark, in text transcription form
- Footnote
- Wiederabdruck in: Readings in informatio retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.493-502.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.4, S.399-417
- Type
- a
-
Strötgen, R.; Mandl, T.; Schneider, R.: Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Question Answering Systems im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) (2006)
0.02
0.018411685 = product of:
0.050632134 = sum of:
0.0023430442 = weight(_text_:a in 5981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0023430442 = score(doc=5981,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.07643694 = fieldWeight in 5981, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5981)
0.027310224 = weight(_text_:r in 5981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027310224 = score(doc=5981,freq=4.0), product of:
0.088001914 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3102584 = idf(docFreq=4387, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.3103367 = fieldWeight in 5981, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.3102584 = idf(docFreq=4387, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5981)
0.0020832212 = weight(_text_:s in 5981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0020832212 = score(doc=5981,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.072074346 = fieldWeight in 5981, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5981)
0.018895645 = weight(_text_:u in 5981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018895645 = score(doc=5981,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.21706703 = fieldWeight in 5981, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5981)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Pages
- S.223-234
- Source
- Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis: ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge des Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop (HIER 2005), Hildesheim, 20.7.2005. Hrsg.: T. Mandl u. C. Womser-Hacker
- Type
- a
-
Tartakovski, O.; Shramko, M.: Implementierung eines Werkzeugs zur Sprachidentifikation in mono- und multilingualen Texten (2006)
0.01
0.014599351 = product of:
0.040148214 = sum of:
0.0027335514 = weight(_text_:a in 5978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0027335514 = score(doc=5978,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.089176424 = fieldWeight in 5978, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5978)
0.012939317 = product of:
0.05175727 = sum of:
0.05175727 = weight(_text_:o in 5978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05175727 = score(doc=5978,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13338262 = queryWeight, product of:
5.017288 = idf(docFreq=795, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.38803607 = fieldWeight in 5978, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.017288 = idf(docFreq=795, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5978)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
0.0024304248 = weight(_text_:s in 5978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0024304248 = score(doc=5978,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.08408674 = fieldWeight in 5978, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5978)
0.02204492 = weight(_text_:u in 5978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02204492 = score(doc=5978,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.25324488 = fieldWeight in 5978, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5978)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Pages
- S.171-182
- Source
- Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis: ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge des Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop (HIER 2005), Hildesheim, 20.7.2005. Hrsg.: T. Mandl u. C. Womser-Hacker
- Type
- a
-
Schneider, R.: Question answering : das Retrieval der Zukunft? (2007)
0.01
0.014146174 = product of:
0.038901977 = sum of:
0.007251961 = product of:
0.014503922 = sum of:
0.014503922 = weight(_text_:h in 5953) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014503922 = score(doc=5953,freq=2.0), product of:
0.0660481 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.21959636 = fieldWeight in 5953, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5953)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.0031240587 = weight(_text_:a in 5953) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0031240587 = score(doc=5953,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 5953, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5953)
0.025748327 = weight(_text_:r in 5953) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.025748327 = score(doc=5953,freq=2.0), product of:
0.088001914 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3102584 = idf(docFreq=4387, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.29258826 = fieldWeight in 5953, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.3102584 = idf(docFreq=4387, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5953)
0.0027776284 = weight(_text_:s in 5953) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0027776284 = score(doc=5953,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.09609913 = fieldWeight in 5953, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5953)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 54(2007) H.1, S.3-11
- Type
- a
-
Nhongkai, S.N.; Bentz, H.-J.: Bilinguale Suche mittels Konzeptnetzen (2006)
0.01
0.01394467 = product of:
0.03834784 = sum of:
0.007251961 = product of:
0.014503922 = sum of:
0.014503922 = weight(_text_:h in 3914) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014503922 = score(doc=3914,freq=2.0), product of:
0.0660481 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.21959636 = fieldWeight in 3914, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3914)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.0031240587 = weight(_text_:a in 3914) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0031240587 = score(doc=3914,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 3914, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3914)
0.0027776284 = weight(_text_:s in 3914) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0027776284 = score(doc=3914,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.09609913 = fieldWeight in 3914, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3914)
0.025194194 = weight(_text_:u in 3914) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.025194194 = score(doc=3914,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.28942272 = fieldWeight in 3914, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3914)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Pages
- S.203-222
- Source
- Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis: ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge des Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop (HIER 2005), Hildesheim, 20.7.2005. Hrsg.: T. Mandl u. C. Womser-Hacker
- Type
- a
-
Kruschwitz, U.; AI-Bakour, H.: Users want more sophisticated search assistants : results of a task-based evaluation (2005)
0.01
0.013127043 = product of:
0.036099367 = sum of:
0.004532476 = product of:
0.009064952 = sum of:
0.009064952 = weight(_text_:h in 4575) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009064952 = score(doc=4575,freq=2.0), product of:
0.0660481 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.13724773 = fieldWeight in 4575, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4575)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.007562143 = weight(_text_:a in 4575) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007562143 = score(doc=4575,freq=30.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.24669915 = fieldWeight in 4575, product of:
5.477226 = tf(freq=30.0), with freq of:
30.0 = termFreq=30.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4575)
0.0017360178 = weight(_text_:s in 4575) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0017360178 = score(doc=4575,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.060061958 = fieldWeight in 4575, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4575)
0.022268731 = weight(_text_:u in 4575) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022268731 = score(doc=4575,freq=4.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.25581595 = fieldWeight in 4575, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4575)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- The Web provides a massive knowledge source, as do intranets and other electronic document collections. However, much of that knowledge is encoded implicitly and cannot be applied directly without processing into some more appropriate structures. Searching, browsing, question answering, for example, could all benefit from domain-specific knowledge contained in the documents, and in applications such as simple search we do not actually need very "deep" knowledge structures such as ontologies, but we can get a long way with a model of the domain that consists of term hierarchies. We combine domain knowledge automatically acquired by exploiting the documents' markup structure with knowledge extracted an the fly to assist a user with ad hoc search requests. Such a search system can suggest query modification options derived from the actual data and thus guide a user through the space of documents. This article gives a detailed account of a task-based evaluation that compares a search system that uses the outlined domain knowledge with a standard search system. We found that users do use the query modification suggestions proposed by the system. The main conclusion we can draw from this evaluation, however, is that users prefer a system that can suggest query modifications over a standard search engine, which simply presents a ranked list of documents. Most interestingly, we observe this user preference despite the fact that the baseline system even performs slightly better under certain criteria.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.13, S.1377-1393
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
- Type
- a
-
Srihari, R.K.: Using speech input for image interpretation, annotation, and retrieval (1997)
0.01
0.013033702 = product of:
0.03584268 = sum of:
0.0040582716 = weight(_text_:a in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0040582716 = score(doc=764,freq=6.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.13239266 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
0.0020832212 = weight(_text_:s in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0020832212 = score(doc=764,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.072074346 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
0.018895645 = weight(_text_:u in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018895645 = score(doc=764,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.21706703 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
0.010805541 = product of:
0.021611081 = sum of:
0.021611081 = weight(_text_:22 in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021611081 = score(doc=764,freq=2.0), product of:
0.09309476 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- Explores the interaction of textual and photographic information in an integrated text and image database environment and describes 3 different applications involving the exploitation of linguistic context in vision. Describes the practical application of these ideas in working systems. PICTION uses captions to identify human faces in a photograph, wile Show&Tell is a multimedia system for semi automatic image annotation. The system combines advances in speech recognition, natural language processing and image understanding to assist in image annotation and enhance image retrieval capabilities. Presents an extension of this work to video annotation and retrieval
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Pages
- S.140-156
- Source
- Digital image access and retrieval: Proceedings of the 1996 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 24-26 Mar 1996. Ed.: P.B. Heidorn u. B. Sandore
- Type
- a
-
Voorhees, E.M.: Question answering in TREC (2005)
0.01
0.012721042 = product of:
0.04664382 = sum of:
0.0046860883 = weight(_text_:a in 6487) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0046860883 = score(doc=6487,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 6487, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6487)
0.0041664424 = weight(_text_:s in 6487) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0041664424 = score(doc=6487,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 6487, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6487)
0.03779129 = weight(_text_:u in 6487) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03779129 = score(doc=6487,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.43413407 = fieldWeight in 6487, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6487)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Pages
- S.233-259
- Source
- TREC: experiment and evaluation in information retrieval. Ed.: E.M. Voorhees, u. D.K. Harman
- Type
- a
-
Jensen, N.: Evaluierung von mehrsprachigem Web-Retrieval : Experimente mit dem EuroGOV-Korpus im Rahmen des Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) (2006)
0.01
0.006360521 = product of:
0.02332191 = sum of:
0.0023430442 = weight(_text_:a in 5964) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0023430442 = score(doc=5964,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.07643694 = fieldWeight in 5964, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5964)
0.0020832212 = weight(_text_:s in 5964) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0020832212 = score(doc=5964,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.072074346 = fieldWeight in 5964, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5964)
0.018895645 = weight(_text_:u in 5964) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018895645 = score(doc=5964,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08704981 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.21706703 = fieldWeight in 5964, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2744443 = idf(docFreq=4547, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5964)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Pages
- S.235-244
- Source
- Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis: ausgewählte und erweiterte Beiträge des Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop (HIER 2005), Hildesheim, 20.7.2005. Hrsg.: T. Mandl u. C. Womser-Hacker
- Type
- a
-
Schultz, T.; Soltau, H.: Automatische Identifizierung spontan gesprochener Sprachen mit neuronalen Netzen (1996)
0.01
0.005381038 = product of:
0.019730471 = sum of:
0.010877941 = product of:
0.021755882 = sum of:
0.021755882 = weight(_text_:h in 7295) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021755882 = score(doc=7295,freq=2.0), product of:
0.0660481 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.32939452 = fieldWeight in 7295, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7295)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.0046860883 = weight(_text_:a in 7295) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0046860883 = score(doc=7295,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 7295, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7295)
0.0041664424 = weight(_text_:s in 7295) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0041664424 = score(doc=7295,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 7295, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7295)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Pages
- S.102-110
- Type
- a
-
Ferret, O.; Grau, B.; Hurault-Plantet, M.; Illouz, G.; Jacquemin, C.; Monceaux, L.; Robba, I.; Vilnat, A.: How NLP can improve question answering (2002)
0.00
0.004699728 = product of:
0.017232336 = sum of:
0.0040582716 = weight(_text_:a in 1850) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0040582716 = score(doc=1850,freq=6.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.13239266 = fieldWeight in 1850, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1850)
0.011090843 = product of:
0.044363372 = sum of:
0.044363372 = weight(_text_:o in 1850) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044363372 = score(doc=1850,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13338262 = queryWeight, product of:
5.017288 = idf(docFreq=795, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.33260235 = fieldWeight in 1850, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.017288 = idf(docFreq=795, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1850)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
0.0020832212 = weight(_text_:s in 1850) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0020832212 = score(doc=1850,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.072074346 = fieldWeight in 1850, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1850)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Abstract
- Answering open-domain factual questions requires Natural Language processing for refining document selection and answer identification. With our system QALC, we have participated in the Question Answering track of the TREC8, TREC9 and TREC10 evaluations. QALC performs an analysis of documents relying an multiword term searches and their linguistic variation both to minimize the number of documents selected and to provide additional clues when comparing question and sentence representations. This comparison process also makes use of the results of a syntactic parsing of the questions and Named Entity recognition functionalities. Answer extraction relies an the application of syntactic patterns chosen according to the kind of information that is sought, and categorized depending an the syntactic form of the question. These patterns allow QALC to handle nicely linguistic variations at the answer level.
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 29(2002) nos.3/4, S.135-155
- Type
- a
-
Radev, D.; Fan, W.; Qu, H.; Wu, H.; Grewal, A.: Probabilistic question answering on the Web (2005)
0.00
0.0042311866 = product of:
0.01551435 = sum of:
0.0076918663 = product of:
0.0153837325 = sum of:
0.0153837325 = weight(_text_:h in 3455) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0153837325 = score(doc=3455,freq=4.0), product of:
0.0660481 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.2329171 = fieldWeight in 3455, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3455)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.0057392623 = weight(_text_:a in 3455) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0057392623 = score(doc=3455,freq=12.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.18723148 = fieldWeight in 3455, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3455)
0.0020832212 = weight(_text_:s in 3455) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0020832212 = score(doc=3455,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.072074346 = fieldWeight in 3455, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3455)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Abstract
- Web-based search engines such as Google and NorthernLight return documents that are relevant to a user query, not answers to user questions. We have developed an architecture that augments existing search engines so that they support natural language question answering. The process entails five steps: query modulation, document retrieval, passage extraction, phrase extraction, and answer ranking. In this article, we describe some probabilistic approaches to the last three of these stages. We show how our techniques apply to a number of existing search engines, and we also present results contrasting three different methods for question answering. Our algorithm, probabilistic phrase reranking (PPR), uses proximity and question type features and achieves a total reciprocal document rank of .20 an the TREC8 corpus. Our techniques have been implemented as a Web-accessible system, called NSIR.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.6, S.571-583
- Type
- a
-
Peters, B.F.: Online searching using speech as a man / machine interface (1989)
0.00
0.0026166236 = product of:
0.01439143 = sum of:
0.008836173 = weight(_text_:a in 4637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008836173 = score(doc=4637,freq=4.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.28826174 = fieldWeight in 4637, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4637)
0.0055552567 = weight(_text_:s in 4637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0055552567 = score(doc=4637,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.19219826 = fieldWeight in 4637, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4637)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Source
- Information processing and management. 25(1989), S.391-406
- Type
- a
-
Kneedler, W.H.; Sizemore, E.J.: Speech synthesis + online library catalog = "talking catalog" (1993)
0.00
0.002146068 = product of:
0.011803374 = sum of:
0.0062481174 = weight(_text_:a in 3781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0062481174 = score(doc=3781,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 3781, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3781)
0.0055552567 = weight(_text_:s in 3781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0055552567 = score(doc=3781,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.19219826 = fieldWeight in 3781, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3781)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Source
- Library hi tech. 11(1993) no.1, S.57-65
- Type
- a
-
Rösener, C.: ¬Die Stecknadel im Heuhaufen : Natürlichsprachlicher Zugang zu Volltextdatenbanken (2005)
0.00
0.0017936793 = product of:
0.006576824 = sum of:
0.0036259806 = product of:
0.007251961 = sum of:
0.007251961 = weight(_text_:h in 548) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007251961 = score(doc=548,freq=2.0), product of:
0.0660481 = queryWeight, product of:
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.10979818 = fieldWeight in 548, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.4844491 = idf(docFreq=10020, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=548)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.0015620294 = weight(_text_:a in 548) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0015620294 = score(doc=548,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.050957955 = fieldWeight in 548, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=548)
0.0013888142 = weight(_text_:s in 548) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0013888142 = score(doc=548,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.048049565 = fieldWeight in 548, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=548)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Content
- 5: Interaktion 5.1 Frage-Antwort- bzw. Dialogsysteme: Forschungen und Projekte 5.2 Darstellung und Visualisierung von Wissen 5.3 Das Dialogsystem im Rahmen des LeWi-Projektes 5.4 Ergebnisdarstellung und Antwortpräsentation im LeWi-Kontext 6: Testumgebungen und -ergebnisse 7: Ergebnisse und Ausblick 7.1 Ausgangssituation 7.2 Schlussfolgerungen 7.3 Ausblick Anhang A Auszüge aus der Grob- bzw. Feinklassifikation des BMM Anhang B MPRO - Formale Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale ... Anhang C Fragentypologie mit Beispielsätzen (Auszug) Anhang D Semantische Merkmale im morphologischen Lexikon (Auszug) Anhang E Regelbeispiele für die Fragentypzuweisung Anhang F Aufstellung der möglichen Suchen im LeWi-Dialogmodul (Auszug) Anhang G Vollständiger Dialogbaum zu Beginn des Projektes Anhang H Statuszustände zur Ermittlung der Folgefragen (Auszug)
- Pages
- X,243 S
-
Burke, R.D.: Question answering from frequently asked question files : experiences with the FAQ Finder System (1997)
0.00
0.0017751341 = product of:
0.009763237 = sum of:
0.0069856085 = weight(_text_:a in 1191) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0069856085 = score(doc=1191,freq=10.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.22789092 = fieldWeight in 1191, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1191)
0.0027776284 = weight(_text_:s in 1191) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0027776284 = score(doc=1191,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.09609913 = fieldWeight in 1191, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1191)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Abstract
- Describes FAQ Finder, a natural language question-answering system that uses files of frequently asked questions as its knowledge base. Unlike information retrieval approaches that rely on a purely lexical metric of similarity between query and document, FAQ Finder uses a semantic knowledge base (Wordnet) to improve its ability to match question and answer. Includes results from an evaluation of the system's performance and shows that a combination of semantic and statistical techniques works better than any single approach
- Source
- AI magazine. 18(1997) no.2, S.57-66
- Type
- a
-
Pomerantz, J.: ¬A linguistic analysis of question taxonomies (2005)
0.00
0.0016593148 = product of:
0.009126231 = sum of:
0.006695806 = weight(_text_:a in 3465) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.006695806 = score(doc=3465,freq=12.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.21843673 = fieldWeight in 3465, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3465)
0.0024304248 = weight(_text_:s in 3465) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0024304248 = score(doc=3465,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.08408674 = fieldWeight in 3465, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3465)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Abstract
- Recent work in automatic question answering has called for question taxonomies as a critical component of the process of machine understanding of questions. There is a long tradition of classifying questions in library reference services, and digital reference services have a strong need for automation to support scalability. Digital reference and question answering systems have the potential to arrive at a highly fruitful symbiosis. To move towards this goal, an extensive review was conducted of bodies of literature from several fields that deal with questions, to identify question taxonomies that exist in these bodies of literature. In the course of this review, five question taxonomies were identified, at four levels of linguistic analysis.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.7, S.715-728
- Type
- a
-
Thompson, L.A.; Ogden, W.C.: Visible speech improves human language understanding : implications for speech processing systems (1995)
0.00
0.0016410447 = product of:
0.009025746 = sum of:
0.0062481174 = weight(_text_:a in 3883) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0062481174 = score(doc=3883,freq=8.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 3883, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3883)
0.0027776284 = weight(_text_:s in 3883) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0027776284 = score(doc=3883,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.09609913 = fieldWeight in 3883, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3883)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Abstract
- Presents evidence from the study of human language understanding suggesting that the ability to perceive visible speech can greatly influence the ability to understand and remember spoken language. A view of the speaker's face can greatly aid in the perception of ambiguous or noisy speech and can aid cognitive processing of speech leading to better understanding and recall. Some of these effects have been replaced using computer synthesized visual and auditory speech. When giving an interface a voice, it may be best to give it a face too
- Source
- Artificial intelligence review. 9(1995) nos.4/5, S.347-358
- Type
- a
-
Keller, F.: How do humans deal with ungrammatical input? : Experimental evidence and computational modelling (1996)
0.00
0.001609551 = product of:
0.00885253 = sum of:
0.0046860883 = weight(_text_:a in 7293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0046860883 = score(doc=7293,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 7293, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7293)
0.0041664424 = weight(_text_:s in 7293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0041664424 = score(doc=7293,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 7293, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7293)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Pages
- S.27-34
- Type
- a
-
Marx, J.: ¬Die '¬Computer-Talk-These' in der Sprachgenerierung : Hinweise zur Gestaltung natürlichsprachlicher Zustandsanzeigen in multimodalen Informationssystemen (1996)
0.00
0.001609551 = product of:
0.00885253 = sum of:
0.0046860883 = weight(_text_:a in 7294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0046860883 = score(doc=7294,freq=2.0), product of:
0.030653298 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 7294, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7294)
0.0041664424 = weight(_text_:s in 7294) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0041664424 = score(doc=7294,freq=2.0), product of:
0.028903782 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.026584605 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 7294, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=7294)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- Pages
- S.35-42
- Type
- a
