-
Weinberg, B.H.: Can you recommend a good book on indexing? (1998)
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- LCSH
- Indexing / United States / Book reviews
- Subject
- Indexing / United States / Book reviews
-
Marie, J.S.: Medical indexing in the United States (2007)
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Luhn, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature (1985)
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- Abstract
- In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.
-
Ross, J.: ¬The impact of technology on indexing (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.25-26
-
Walker, A.: Indexing commonplace books : John Locke's method (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.14-18
-
Crystal, D.: Quote index unquote (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.14-20
-
Matthews, D.: Indexing published letters (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.135-141
-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
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- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
-
Davis, M.: Building a global legal index : a work in progress (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.123-127
-
Browne, G.: ¬The definite article : acknowledging The in index entries (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.119-122
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Book indexes in France : medieval specimens and modern practices (2000)
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- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.2-13
-
Mauer, P.: Embedded indexing : pros and cons for the indexer (2000)
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- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.27-28
-
Anderson, C.R.: Indexing with a computer : past and present (2000)
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- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.23-24
-
Lee, D.: Judging indexes : the criteria for a good index (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.191-194
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Predecessors of scientific indexing structures in the domain of religion (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.178-180
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Index structures in early Hebrew Biblical word lists : preludes to the first Latin concordances (2004)
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- Date
- 17.10.2005 13:54:22
-
Stauber, D.M.: Facing the text : content and structure in book indexing (2004)
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- Footnote
- Facing the Text falls into what I call the third wave of books about back-of-the-book indexing. Each of these waves overlaps, but generally the first consists of the general manuals on indexing books (and other media): Booth, Knight, Mulvany, and Wellisch, along with chapter 18 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. These set out the fundamental principles, conventions, or rules of indexing in a mostly impersonal, dispassionate tone. The second wave carried manuals on indexing in specific disciplines and genres: biography, medicine, law, psychology, history, genealogy, etc. The third wave, exemplified by Stauber's Facing the Text and Smith and Kells' Inside Indexing, delves into what goes through the mind of the indexer "facing the text" and putting together an index based on it. The tone is personal and subjective, the authors taking the reader through their own perceptions of the stages of indexing a book, the inevitable problems and subsequent decision making, expressed through their own reactions and reasoning. Facing the Text is not a manual where the newcomer to indexing can find immediate answers to specific problems: the first and second waves of books on indexing are designed to provide those. It's a book for the professional indexer or academic author indexing more than one book; its effect is to hone skills and refine working habits, to increase efficiency and effectiveness, to create indexes that make faithful, logical sense of the text. Newcomers, including first-time academic-author indexers, should begin with the last chapter "Inside an Indexer's Brain," then the second-to-last chapter, "Process"; in fact, I would suggest that any reader begin with "Inside an Indexer's Brain," for its introduction to the terminology and the overall look at indexing, from the first to the last page of the text to be indexed. As one would expect, the index to Facing the Text is comprehensive; in fact, exhaustive, and admirably detailed. The personable, conversational tone continues here, with entries such as "Subheadings/creating as you go" and "Notes to yourself." Of course, "Being stuck" is there as is, and also helpfully doubleposted as "Stuckness strategies." Finally, and on a relatively small note, this is a nicely designed book. Not only is it laid out for looks, it's laid out for use. The type is a friendly size, and the complex structure of headings, subheadings, and sub-subheadings is rendered immediately intelligible by the well-chosen fonts. My only criticism concerns the tightness of the binding; manuals should lie flat, without having to be anchored on each side with paperweights."
-
Bell, H.K.: Indexing biographies, and other stories of human lives (1992)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.46-47 (R. Fugmann)
-
Lathrop, L.: ¬An indexer's guide to the Internet (1999)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)
-
Weinberg, B.H.: ¬The body of a reference work in relation to its index : an analysis of wordsmanship (1996)
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- Date
- 8. 3.1997 20:22:25
- Source
- Indexer. 20(1996) no.1, S.18-22
