Search (46 results, page 1 of 3)

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Date

2. 8.2001 8:55:22

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Abstract

Although knowledge based MT systems have the potential to achieve high translation accuracy, each successful application system requires a large amount of hand coded lexical knowledge. Systems like KBMT-89 and its descendants have demonstarted how knowledge based translation can produce good results in technical domains with tractable domain semantics. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the development task for large scale applications with 10s of 1000s of of domain concepts precludes a purely hand crafted approach. The current challenge for the next generation of knowledge based MT systems is to utilize online textual resources and corpus analysis software in order to automate the most laborious aspects of the knowledge acquisition process. This partial automation can in turn maximize the productivity of human knowledge engineers and help to make large scale applications of knowledge based MT an viable approach. Discusses the corpus based knowledge acquisition methodology used in KANT, a knowledge based translation system for multilingual document production. This methodology can be generalized beyond the KANT interlinhua approach for use with any system that requires similar kinds of knowledge

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Abstract

Presents a methodology for extracting information about lexical translation equivalences from the machine readable versions of conventional dictionaries (MRDs), and describes a series of experiments on semi automatic construction of a linked multilingual lexical knowledge base for English, Dutch and Spanish. Discusses the advantage and limitations of using MRDs that this has revealed, and some strategies developed to cover gaps where direct translation can be found

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Content

Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".

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Abstract

Purpose - This study aims to focus on the evaluation of systems for the automatic translation of questions destined to translingual question-answer (QA) systems. The efficacy of online translators when performing as tools in QA systems is analysed using a collection of documents in the Spanish language. Design/methodology/approach - Automatic translation is evaluated in terms of the functionality of actual translations produced by three online translators (Google Translator, Promt Translator, and Worldlingo) by means of objective and subjective evaluation measures, and the typology of errors produced was identified. For this purpose, a comparative study of the quality of the translation of factual questions of the CLEF collection of queries was carried out, from German and French to Spanish. Findings - It was observed that the rates of error for the three systems evaluated here are greater in the translations pertaining to the language pair German-Spanish . Promt was identified as the most reliable translator of the three (on average) for the two linguistic combinations evaluated. However, for the Spanish-German pair, a good assessment of the Google online translator was obtained as well. Most errors (46.38 percent) tended to be of a lexical nature, followed by those due to a poor translation of the interrogative particle of the query (31.16 percent). Originality/value - The evaluation methodology applied focuses above all on the finality of the translation. That is, does the resulting question serve as effective input into a translingual QA system? Thus, instead of searching for "perfection", the functionality of the question and its capacity to lead one to an adequate response are appraised. The results obtained contribute to the development of improved translingual QA systems.

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Abstract

This paper aims at illustrating the methodology of constructing the Arabic authority headings. Accordingly, the main focus is on the system of linking name headings in Arabic-Roman scripts and subject headings in the three languages Arabic, English and French. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina's biscript / trilingual authority file project »bibalex« can be considered the first step toward establishing cooperative projects with union catalogs and authority files.

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This paper presents the problem statement, the methodology and the preliminary results of a research project aiming to compare two different approaches for indexing images, namely: traditional image indexing with the use of controlled vocabularies, and free image indexing using uncontrolled vocabulary. The experiment intends to measure their respective performance for image retrieval in a multilingual context, in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of the user.

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Abstract

This work proposes an approach which is intended to meet the particular challenges of Medical Language Processing, in particular medical information retrieval. At its core lies a new type of dictionary, in which the entries are equivalence classes of subwords, i.e., semantically minimal units. These equivalence classes capture intralingual as well as interlingual synonymy. As equivalence classes abstract away from subtle particularities within and between languages and reference to them is realized via a language-independent conceptual system, they form an interlingua. In this work, the theoretical foundations of this approach are elaborated on. Furthermore, design considerations of applications based on the subword methodology are drawn up and showcase implementations are evaluated in detail. Starting with the introduction of Medical Linguistics as a field of active research in Chapter two, its consideration as a domain separated form general linguistics is motivated. In particular, morphological phenomena inherent to medical language are figured in more detail, which leads to an alternative view on medical terms and the introduction of the notion of subwords. Chapter three describes the formal foundation of subwords and the underlying linguistic declarative as well as procedural knowledge. An implementation of the subword model for the medical domain, the MorphoSaurus system, is presented in Chapter four. Emphasis will be given on the multilingual aspect of the proposed approach, including English, German, and Portuguese. The automatic acquisition of (medical) subwords for other languages (Spanish, French, and Swedish), and their integration in already available resources is described in the fifth Chapter.
The proper handling of acronyms plays a crucial role in medical texts, e.g. in patient records, as well as in scientific literature. Chapter six presents an approach, in which acronyms are automatically acquired from (bio-) medical literature. Furthermore, acronyms and their definitions in different languages are linked to each other using the MorphoSaurus text processing system. Automatic word sense disambiguation is still one of the most challenging tasks in Natural Language Processing. In Chapter seven, cross-lingual considerations lead to a new methodology for automatic disambiguation applied to subwords. Beginning with Chapter eight, a series of applications based onMorphoSaurus are introduced. Firstly, the implementation of the subword approach within a crosslanguage information retrieval setting for the medical domain is described and evaluated on standard test document collections. In Chapter nine, this methodology is extended to multilingual information retrieval in the Web, for which user queries are translated into target languages based on the segmentation into subwords and their interlingual mappings. The cross-lingual, automatic assignment of document descriptors to documents is the topic of Chapter ten. A large-scale evaluation of a heuristic, as well as a statistical algorithm is carried out using a prominent medical thesaurus as a controlled vocabulary. In Chapter eleven, it will be shown how MorphoSaurus can be used to map monolingual, lexical resources across different languages. As a result, a large multilingual medical lexicon with high coverage and complete lexical information is built and evaluated against a comparable, already available and commonly used lexical repository for the medical domain. Chapter twelve sketches a few applications based on MorphoSaurus. The generality and applicability of the subword approach to other domains is outlined, and proof-of-concepts in real-world scenarios are presented. Finally, Chapter thirteen recapitulates the most important aspects of MorphoSaurus and the potential benefit of its employment in medical information systems is carefully assessed, both for medical experts in their everyday life, but also with regard to health care consumers and their existential information needs.

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Source

Information und Märkte: 50. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1998, Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation e.V. (DGD), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 22.-24. September 1998. Hrsg. von Marlies Ockenfeld u. Gerhard J. Mantwill

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Content

Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".

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Date

1. 2.2016 18:25:22

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Source

Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou

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Abstract

Purpose - The aim of the current paper is to test whether query translation is beneficial in web retrieval. Design/methodology/approach - The language pairs were Finnish-Swedish, English-German and Finnish-French. A total of 12-18 participants were recruited for each language pair. Each participant performed four retrieval tasks. The author's aim was to compare the performance of the translated queries with that of the target language queries. Thus, the author asked participants to formulate a source language query and a target language query for each task. The source language queries were translated into the target language utilizing a dictionary-based system. In English-German, also machine translation was utilized. The author used Google as the search engine. Findings - The results differed depending on the language pair. The author concluded that the dictionary coverage had an effect on the results. On average, the results of query-translation were better than in the traditional laboratory tests. Originality/value - This research shows that query translation in web is beneficial especially for users with moderate and non-active language skills. This is valuable information for developers of cross-language information retrieval systems.

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Abstract

This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.

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Abstract

The preparation of a bilingual Slovene-English general controlled vocabulary to be used for subject indexing in the COBISS.SI library information system, Slovenia, is a national project that started in March 2000. According to the basic methodology, a new subject schema named Splogni geslovnik COBISS.SI (COBISS.SI General List of Subject Headings) (SGC) is to be developed from the Sears List of Subject Headings (Sears). The project is divided into four phases: 1) translation and editing of Sears, 2) restructuring and adaptation of Sears and mapping of SGC headings to LCSH, 3) addition of new terms and preparation of instructions for use, and 4) conversion from the OCLC MARC format for authorities and inclusion of SGC in subject authority control system. By the end of 2002, the first part of Phase I was completed. Also described at some length are both the faceting of Sears headings and the addition of new terms based, among other, on LCSH.

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Abstract

Purpose - To present a method for creating a comparable document collection from two document collections in different languages. Design/methodology/approach - The best query keys were extracted from a Finnish source collection (articles of the newspaper Aamulehti) with the relative average term frequency formula. The keys were translated into English with a dictionary-based query translation program. The resulting lists of words were used as queries that were run against the target collection (Los Angeles Times articles) with the nearest neighbor method. The documents were aligned with unrestricted and date-restricted alignment schemes, which were also combined. Findings - The combined alignment scheme was found the best, when the relatedness of the document pairs was assessed with a five-degree relevance scale. Of the 400 document pairs, roughly 40 percent were highly or fairly related and 75 percent included at least lexical similarity. Research limitations/implications - The number of alignment pairs was small due to the short common time period of the two collections, and their geographical (and thus, topical) remoteness. In future, our aim is to build larger comparable corpora in various languages and use them as source of translation knowledge for the purposes of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). Practical implications - Readily available parallel corpora are scarce. With this method, two unrelated document collections can relatively easily be aligned to create a CLIR resource. Originality/value - The method can be applied to weakly linked collections and morphologically complex languages, such as Finnish.

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to focus on the process of multilingual concept scheme construction and the challenges involved; to addresses concrete challenges faced in the construction process and especially those related to equivalence between terms and concepts; and to briefly outlines the translation strategies developed during the process of concept scheme construction. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on experience acquired during the establishment of the Finnish thesaurus and ontology service Finto as well as the trilingual General Finnish Ontology YSO, both of which are being maintained and further developed at the National Library of Finland. Findings Although uniform resource identifiers can be considered language-independent, they do not render concept schemes and their construction free of language-related challenges. The fundamental issue with all the challenges faced is how to maintain consistency and predictability when the nature of language requires each concept to be treated individually. The key to such challenges is to recognise the function of the vocabulary and the needs of its intended users. Social implications Open science increases the transparency of not only research products, but also metadata tools. Gaining a deeper understanding of the challenges involved in their construction is important for a great variety of users - e.g. indexers, vocabulary builders and information seekers. Today, multilingualism is an essential aspect at both the national and international information society level. Originality/value This paper draws on the practical challenges faced in concept scheme construction in a trilingual environment, with a focus on "concept scheme" as a translation and mapping unit.

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Abstract

A multilingual thesaurus' development needs the appropriate methodological considerations not only for linguistics, but also cultural heterogeneity, as demonstrated in this report on the multilingual project of the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) in the Chinese language, which has been a collaboration between the Academia Sinica Center for Digital Culture and the Getty Research Institute for more than a decade. After a brief overview of the project, the paper will introduce a holistic methodology for considering how to enable Western art to be accessible to Chinese users and Chinese art accessible to Western users. The conceptual and structural issues will be discussed, especially the challenges of developing terminology in two different cultures. For instance, some terms shared by Western and Chinese cultures could be understood differently in each culture, which raises questions regarding their locations within the hierarchical structure of the AAT. Finally, the report will provide cases to demonstrate how the Chinese-Language AAT language supports online exhibitions, digital humanities and linking of digital art history content to the web of data.

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Source

Probleme de Informare si Documentare. 28(1994) no.1, S.13-22

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Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06