-
Broccoli, K.; Ravenswaay, G.V.: Web indexing : anchors away! (2000)
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- Abstract
- In this chapter we turn to embedded indexing for the Internet, frequently called Web indexing. We will define Web indexes; describe the structure of entries for Web indexes; present some of the challenges that Web indexers face; and compare Web indexes to search engines. One of the difficulties in defining Web indexes is their relative newness. The first pages were placed on the World Wide Web in 1991 when Tim Berners Lee, its founder, uploaded four files. We are in a period of transition, moving from using well-established forms of writing and communications to others that are still in their infancy. Paramount among these is the Web. For indexers, this is an uncharted voyage where we must jettison firmly established ideas while developing new ones. Where the voyage will end is anyone's guess.
-
Rowland, M.J.: <Meta> tags (2000)
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- Abstract
- <META> tags are used to create meta-information, or information about the information in a Web site. There are many types of <META> tags, but those most relevant to indexing are the description and keyword tags. Description tags provide a short summary of the site contents that are often displayed by search engines when they list search results. Keyword tags are used to define words or phrases that someone using a search engine might use to look for relevant sites. <META> tags are of interest to indexers for two reasons. They provide a means of making your indexing business Web site more visible to those searching the Web for indexing services, and they offer indexers a potential new source of work: writing keyword and description tags for Web site developers and companies with Web sites. <META> tag writing makes good use of an indexer's ability to choose relevant key terms, and the closely related skill of abstracting: conveying the essence of a document in a sentence or two.
-
Moncrief, L.: Indexing computer-related documents (2000)
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- Abstract
- The explosion in personal computing and in computer technology has brought a wealth of opportunities for indexers. Annually, traditional publishers produce numerous books on computer topics, while software and hardware companies constantly issue new products with manuals that require indexes. Indexers can find work with these high-technology publishers or can subcontract with technical documentation firms or with freelance technical writers. The range of audiences for computer-related documents is wide and varied, as is the range of topics. These documents are not limited to end-user software manuals, but include programming, Internet, and networking topics among others. Hardware companies, in addition to computer manufacturers, are also a good potential source of clients. Many hardware products have a sizeable software component that requires its own set of indexed manuals. There are advantages and disadvantages to working with high-technology companies (and their contractors) vs. working with traditional publishers. It is simply a matter of personal taste which type of client you prefer. I have truly enjoyed working with both.
-
Ross, J.: ¬The impact of technology on indexing (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.25-26
-
Walker, A.: Indexing commonplace books : John Locke's method (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.14-18
-
Crystal, D.: Quote index unquote (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.14-20
-
Matthews, D.: Indexing published letters (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.135-141
-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
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- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
-
Davis, M.: Building a global legal index : a work in progress (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.123-127
-
Browne, G.: ¬The definite article : acknowledging The in index entries (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.119-122
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Book indexes in France : medieval specimens and modern practices (2000)
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- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.2-13
-
Mauer, P.: Embedded indexing : pros and cons for the indexer (2000)
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- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.27-28
-
Anderson, C.R.: Indexing with a computer : past and present (2000)
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- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.23-24
-
Lee, D.: Judging indexes : the criteria for a good index (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.191-194
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Predecessors of scientific indexing structures in the domain of religion (2001)
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- Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.178-180
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Index structures in early Hebrew Biblical word lists : preludes to the first Latin concordances (2004)
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- Date
- 17.10.2005 13:54:22
-
Luhn, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature (1985)
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- Abstract
- In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.
-
Bell, H.K.: Indexing biographies, and other stories of human lives (1992)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.46-47 (R. Fugmann)
-
Lathrop, L.: ¬An indexer's guide to the Internet (1999)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)
-
Weinberg, B.H.: ¬The body of a reference work in relation to its index : an analysis of wordsmanship (1996)
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- Date
- 8. 3.1997 20:22:25
- Source
- Indexer. 20(1996) no.1, S.18-22
