-
Ilik, V.; Storlien, J.; Olivarez, J.: Metadata makeover (2014)
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- Abstract
- Catalogers have become fluent in information technology such as web design skills, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Stylesheets (CSS), eXensible Markup Language (XML), and programming languages. The knowledge gained from learning information technology can be used to experiment with methods of transforming one metadata schema into another using various software solutions. This paper will discuss the use of eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) for repurposing, editing, and reformatting metadata. Catalogers have the requisite skills for working with any metadata schema, and if they are excluded from metadata work, libraries are wasting a valuable human resource.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Pitti, D.V.: Standard Generalized Markup Language and the transformation of cataloging (1995)
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- Abstract
- Gives an introduction to SGML, which provides a syntax and a metalanguage for defining the logical structure of documents, and conventions for naming the components of documents. 3 kinds of markup are described: procedural, descriptive, and referential. Discusses how widespread adoption of SGML might transform cataloguing. If adopted by all components of the information industry, SGML woulöd provide an opportunity to build an integrated information environment in which the catalogue would provide a clearly marked path to both traditional and electronic information formats
-
Duke, J.K.: Slow revolution : the electronique AACR (1994)
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- Abstract
- Attempts to encode AACR2 in an electronic databases have so far met with only moderate success. Notes the 3 principles alternatives for converting AACR2, creation of a simple ASCII file; creation of a MARC format for AACR; and use of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Describes the project to use SGML to create the machine readable version of AACR (AACR-e)
-
Mayo, D.; Bowers, K.: ¬The devil's shoehorn : a case study of EAD to ArchivesSpace migration at a large university (2017)
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- Abstract
- A band of archivists and IT professionals at Harvard took on a project to convert nearly two million descriptions of archival collection components from marked-up text into the ArchivesSpace archival metadata management system. Starting in the mid-1990s, Harvard was an alpha implementer of EAD, an SGML (later XML) text markup language for electronic inventories, indexes, and finding aids that archivists use to wend their way through the sometimes quirky filing systems that bureaucracies establish for their records or the utter chaos in which some individuals keep their personal archives. These pathfinder documents, designed to cope with messy reality, can themselves be difficult to classify. Portions of them are rigorously structured, while other parts are narrative. Early documents predate the establishment of the standard; many feature idiosyncratic encoding that had been through several machine conversions, while others were freshly encoded and fairly consistent. In this paper, we will cover the practical and technical challenges involved in preparing a large (900MiB) corpus of XML for ingest into an open-source archival information system (ArchivesSpace). This case study will give an overview of the project, discuss problem discovery and problem solving, and address the technical challenges, analysis, solutions, and decisions and provide information on the tools produced and lessons learned. The authors of this piece are Kate Bowers, Collections Services Archivist for Metadata, Systems, and Standards at the Harvard University Archive, and Dave Mayo, a Digital Library Software Engineer for Harvard's Library and Technology Services. Kate was heavily involved in both metadata analysis and later problem solving, while Dave was the sole full-time developer assigned to the migration project.
- Date
- 31. 1.2017 13:29:56
-
Pitti, D.V.: Creator description : Encoded Archival Context (2004)
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- Abstract
- Encoded Archival Context (EAC) is an ongoing initiative within the international archival community to design and implement a prototype standard based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for encoding descriptions of record creators: individuals, families, and organizations that create records. EAC is intended to represent the descriptive data prescribed in International Council for Archives' International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families (ISAAR(CPF)). Description of record creators is an essential component of the preservation of the documentary evidence of human activity. A standard for creator description has many professional as well as economic benefits. EAC promises to enhance access and understanding of records as well as provide an important resource independent of record description. EAC also promises to enable repositories to share creator description. Given the costs of authority control and description, such sharing potentially will be an important economic benefit. As an XML-based standard, EAC specifies the semantic and structural features of creator description. The developers of EAC hope that the archival community will be able to collaborate with similar efforts in other cultural heritage communities.
-
Pitti, D.V.: Encoded Archival Description (EAD) (2009)
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- Abstract
- Encoded Archival Description (EAD) is an international digital standard based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for encoding descriptions of archival records. People living their lives as individuals, as members of families, and as members of corporate bodies create and assemble records that serve as instruments for carrying out or documenting the performance of activities. Based on the archival principles of respect des fonds (or provenance) and original order, archivists traditionally have treated all of the records created and assembled by one individual, family, or corporate body as a collection or fonds. Archivists describe records as an essential part of their responsibility for preserving and facilitating access to and use of archives. Archival description provides information essential for establishing the authenticity and completeness of fonds, and serves effective administration, discovery, access, and understanding of records. Traditionally archivists have described each fonds hierarchically in a single apparatus commonly called a finding aid. Until the advent of computing, finding aids were typically in printed form. In the 1990s, archivists created EAD, an encoding standard for archival description. EAD is based technologically on XML and intellectually on General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)), a descriptive framework developed by the International Council of Archives (ICA). As with all standards, EAD will continue to develop in the future. Future changes to EAD will be influenced by ICA descriptive standards that complement ISAD(G) and encoding standards based on them that will complement EAD. This entry is organized into six sections: introduction, archival records, archival description, EAD, history, and future.
-
Crocetti, L.: AACR2 in edizione italiana (1997)
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- Abstract
- An introduction to the Italian-language version of the AACR, which incorporates revisions made in 1993. Describes for reader unfamiliar with AACR2 the aims, structure and content of the rules, commenting on some problems of translating them into Italian. Cites extracts from 'The most concise AACR2 (M. Gorman)'
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 17:18:10
29. 7.1998 10:22:48
-
Intner, S.S.; Lazinger, S.S.; Weihs, J.: Metadata and its impact on libraries (2005)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST. 58(2007) no.6., S.909-910 (A.D. Petrou): "A division in metadata definitions for physical objects vs. those for digital resources offered in Chapter 1 is punctuated by the use of broader, more inclusive metadata definitions, such as data about data as well as with the inclusion of more specific metadata definitions intended for networked resources. Intertwined with the book's subject matter, which is to "distinguish traditional cataloguing from metadata activity" (5), the authors' chosen metadata definition is also detailed on page 5 as follows: Thus while granting the validity of the inclusive definition, we concentrate primarily on metadata as it is most commonly thought of both inside and outside of the library community, as "structured information used to find, access, use and manage information resources primarily in a digital environment." (International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 2003) Metadata principles discussed by the authors include modularity, extensibility, refinement and multilingualism. The latter set is followed by seven misconceptions about metadata. Two types of metadata discussed are automatically generated indexes and manually created records. In terms of categories of metadata, the authors present three sets of them as follows: descriptive, structural, and administrative metadata. Chapter 2 focuses on metadata for communities of practice, and is a prelude to content in Chapter 3 where metadata applications, use, and development are presented from the perspective of libraries. Chapter 2 discusses the emergence and impact of metadata on organization and access of online resources from the perspective of communities for which such standards exist and for the need for mapping one standard to another. Discussion focuses on metalanguages, such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and eXtensible Markup Language (XML), "capable of embedding descriptive elements within the document markup itself' (25). This discussion falls under syntactic interoperability. For semantic interoperability, HTML and other mark-up languages, such as Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI), are covered. For structural interoperability, Dublin Core's 15 metadata elements are grouped into three areas: content (title, subject, description, type, source, relation, and coverage), intellectual property (creator, publisher, contributor and rights), and instantiation (date, format, identifier, and language) for discussion.
-
Vizine-Goetz, D.: Spectrum: a Web-based tool for describing electronic resources (1995)
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- Abstract
- Substantial efforts to establish standards for encoding and accessing electronic resources have occured over the past 5 years. Reports the design of a Web based tool, Spectrum, to enable individuals without specialized knowledge of library cataloguing or markup to create records for describing and accessing networked electronic resources of various types. System users may create descriptions of electronic resources and view them as formatted USMARC bibliographic records; TEI headers and URCs. Because continued volatitlity in the definition of data element standards is anticipated, the Spectrum system is designed to allow maximum flexibility in the design of the input formats
-
Vizine-Goetz, D.: Office of research project develops tools for describing and accessing Internet resources (1995)
0.04
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- Abstract
- Over the past 5 years, librarians, humanities computing researchers and computer scientists have been working to establish standards for encoding and accessing local and networked electronic information resources, and these are now being put into practice by their corresponding user communities. The OCLC Cataloging Internet Resources project is investigating the relationship between 2 of these: the MARC bibliographic format and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) header, developed by humanities computing researchers. Specifically, the project has designed a WWW based prototype, called Spectrum, that enables those without specialized knowledge of library cataloguing or markup to create records for describing and accessing Internet resources of various types. The system enables the generation of MARC records from TEI headers
-
Clemson, P.A.: ¬An inside approach to a networked document cataloging (1997)
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- Abstract
- Information professions identified the need for a set of standard metadata almost as soon as the WWW became a reality. Several initiatives have already identified the types of bibliographic information that would be necessary to describe and locate an electronic publication. The descriptors identified in the OCLC/NCSA Dublin Core are combined with those assembled by the Coalition of Networked Information and the Internet Engineering Task force to produce a list of electronic citation elements. Advocates embedding these citation elements within electrinic documents through the use of HTML<META>tags and other markup techniques. There is also a call to cataloguing librarians to contribute their expertise in information resources management to document being prepared for the WWW in order to influence the quality of electronic publication from the insides
-
Jul, E.: MARC and mark-up : different metadata containers for different purposes (2003)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the development and implications of electronic resource description systems, including the familiar library standard, the MARC Format, and the newly developing Resource Description Format (RDF), as well as other non-library markup languages such as XML, HTML, SGML, etc. Explains the differences between content and container, and the kinds of rules needed for describing each. Closes by outlining clearly why it is important for librarians to reach out beyond the library community and participate in the development of metadata standards.
-
Morris, V.: Automated language identification of bibliographic resources (2020)
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- Abstract
- This article describes experiments in the use of machine learning techniques at the British Library to assign language codes to catalog records, in order to provide information about the language of content of the resources described. In the first phase of the project, language codes were assigned to 1.15 million records with 99.7% confidence. The automated language identification tools developed will be used to contribute to future enhancement of over 4 million legacy records.
- Date
- 2. 3.2020 19:04:22
-
Long, C.E.: ¬The Internet's value to catalogers : results of a survey (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of a questionnaire survey of cataloguers, conducted over the AUTOCAT Internet discussion group, to determine those areas of cataloguing for which the Internet is a valuable tool and those areas for which it is not as useful. Respondents indicated 4 areas in which cataloguers use the Internet: searching the OPACs of other libraries, communicating with colleagues, accessing online cataloguing documentation and publications, and authority work. Cataloguers who found access to other libraries' OPACs did so for the following reasons: assigning call numbers and subject headings; finding full cataloguing copy from other libraries; enriching their local catalogue with notes present in records in other libraries; finding copy for foreign language items that cannot be read by library staff; and resolving difficult problems when important parts of the item are missing ar are in disarray. Some cataloguers also related processes for which they have found the Internet to not be efficient
- Date
- 29. 8.1997 19:46:22
-
RAK-Mitteilung Nr.16 : Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung von Nichtbuchmaterialien (RAK-NBM). Entwurf (1995)
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- Pages
- 22 S
- Source
- Beilage zu: Bibliotheksdienst. 29(1995) H.10
-
Chervinko, J.S.: Cooperative and contract cataloging of foreign language materials in academic and research libraries (1995)
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- Abstract
- Many collections of foreign language materials remain uncatalogued because of the lack of cataloguers proficient in the uncommon languages. Investigates the potential of 2 way and 3 way cooperative exchanges and contractual arrangements among libraries as ways to obtain cataloguing. Libraries willing to participate in cooperative exchanges must locate reciprocating partners. Those wanting a contractual arrangement must find other libraries willing to accept materials, offering the required language proficiency, and charging acceptable fees
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 21(1995) no.1, S.29-65
-
Parent, I.: International and national cataloguing rules : current situation and future trends, Moscow, 20-24 April 1999 (2000)
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- Date
- 11. 8.2001 17:22:42
- Source
- International cataloguing and bibliographic control. 29(2000) no.1, S.9-12
-
Olson, C.: Cataloging Southeast Asian language materials : the case of the Thai language (1996)
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- Abstract
- Cataloging and accessing non-roman languages, such as the languages in the JACKPHY group, have been better served because of the inclusion of vernacular languages in their bibliographic records. However, Southeast Asian languages such as Thai, Lao or even Burmese present other problems for catalogers because only romanized versions of these languages are present in current bibliographic records. The problems in cataloging and accessing the materials in these languages occur not only because of the romanization system but also due to the nature of the languages themselves. This paper presents a number of problems related to the cataloging of Thai language materials.
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) no.2, S.10-28
-
Kellsey, C.: Cooperative cataloging, vendor records, and European language monographs (2002)
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- Abstract
- The appearance in OCLC and RLIN of minimal level catalog records from European book vendors for European language monographs and their effect on cataloging department workflows and cooperative cataloging efforts have been matters of concern expressed recently at ALA meetings and in the library literature. A study of 8,778 catalog records was undertaken to discover how many current European language monographs were being cataloged by the Library of Congress, by member libraries, and by vendors. It was found that vendor records accounted for 16. 7% of Spanish books, 18% of French books, 33.6% of German books, and 52.5% of those in Italian. The number of libraries enhancing vendor records in OCLC was found to be only approximately one-third the number of libraries contributing original records for European language books. Ongoing increases in European book publishing and the increasing globalization of cataloging databases mean that the results of this study have implications not only for local cataloging practice but for cooperative cataloging as a whole.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Briot, D.; Creff, J.A.: Enfin une norme francaise de description des resources électroniques (Z44-082) (2000)
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- Date
- 29. 1.1996 16:50:24
- Source
- Bulletin d'informations de l'Association des Bibliothecaires Francais. 2000, no.186, S.20-22
