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Object

ISO 25964

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Abstract

ISO 25964-2:2013 is applicable to thesauri and other types of vocabulary that are commonly used for information retrieval. It describes, compares and contrasts the elements and features of these vocabularies that are implicated when interoperability is needed. It gives recommendations for the establishment and maintenance of mappings between multiple thesauri, or between thesauri and other types of vocabularies.

Object

ISO 25964

Series

ISO 25964-2:2013(E)

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Abstract

Ein neuer internationaler Standard der Information und Dokumentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies (ISO 25964) ist in Vorbereitung. Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval wurde Mitte August als DIS 25964-1 im ISO Central Secretariat eingereicht. Die Motivation zur Entwicklung eines neuen Vokabularstandards sowie die wesentlichen Änderungen und Erweiterungen gegenüber ISO 2788/ISO 5964 werden vorgestellt. Anhand des Datenmodells zu Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval werden die grundlegenden Elemente, Attribute und Relationen kurz erläutert. Mit der Arbeit an Part 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies wurde Ende Juni 2009 begonnen. Es sollen Richtlinien erarbeitet werden, um Interoperabilität zwischen Thesauri und anderen Vokabularien wie Normdateien für Namen, Schlagwortlisten, Ontologien, Klassifikationen und dgl. zu gewähren. Der erste Commitee Draft (CD 25964-2) ist für Juni 2010 geplant. Über den Stand der Entwicklung des 2. Teiles wird kurz referiert.

Object

ISO 25964

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Abstract

Die neue internationale Thesaurus-Norm ISO 25964-1 ersetzt die Normen ISO 2788 und ISO 5964. Ihr englischer Titel lautet "Information and documentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies - Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval". Die Norm umfasst ein- und mehrsprachige Thesauri und berück sichtigt die Notwendigkeit von Datenaustausch, Vernetzung und Interoperabilität. Zu den Inhalten gehören - Konstruktion ein- und mehrsprachiger Thesauri - Unterschied zwischen Begriff und Benennung und ihren Beziehungen - Facettenanalyse und Layout - Einsatz von Thesauri in computergestützten und vernetzten Systemen - Management und Pflege von Thesauri - Richtlinien für Thesaurusmanagement-Software - Datenmodell für ein- und mehrsprachige Thesauri - Empfehlungen

Object

ISO 25964

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Abstract

Zur Organisation und zum besseren Auffinden von Wissen werden häufig verschiedene Typen von Vokabularen verwendet. Aufgrund ihres Ursprungs in unterschiedlichen Communities werden die Vokabulare mit unterschiedlicher Terminologie sowie jeweils eigenen Methoden und Werkzeugen beschrieben und sind, wenn überhaupt, unterschiedlich stark und mit unterschiedlichem Fokus standardisiert. Um dieser Entwicklung zu entgegnen, müssen zum einen die Standards für die verschiedenen Vokabulartypen (weiter-)entwickelt werden und dabei auf gemeinsame, heute allgemein anerkannte Modellierungssprachen (z.B. UML) und XML-basierte Auszeichnungssprachen zurückgreifen. Zum anderen ist ein Meta-Standard nötig, der die Terminologie der verschiedenen Communities aufeinander abbildet und die Vokabulare vergleichbar macht. Dies würde nicht nur die qualifizierte Auswahl eines Vokabulartyps ermöglichen, sondern auch deren gegenseitiges Abbilden (Mappen) und allgemein der Wiederverwendung von Vokabularen nutzen. In Ansätzen wurde diese Strategie im jüngst veröffentlichten britischen Standard BS 8723 verfolgt, dessen Schwerpunkt (weiter) auf Thesauri liegt, der jedoch auch explizit Bezug zu anderen Vokabularen nimmt. Die im April 2007 begonnene Revision des Standards als internationale ISO-Norm 25964 erlaubt weitere, wenn auch vielleicht kleine Schritte hin zu einer langfristigen Vision von allgemeingültigen Standards zur Wissensorganisation.

Source

Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly

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Abstract

Anfang März 2013 veröffentlicht, behandelt ISO 25964-2 die Interoperabilität zwischen Thesauri und anderen Vokabularien. Es geht dabei hauptsächlich um die theoretischen Grundlagen und die praktische Durchführung von Thesaurusföderationen. Zu den behandelten Vokabulartypen zählen Klassifikationen, Aktenpläne für die Schriftgutverwaltung, Taxonomien, Schlagwortlisten, Normdateien für Individualnamen, Ontologien, Terminologiedatenbanken und Synonymringe.

Content

"Interoperabilität bedeutet, dass zwei oder mehrere Systeme oder Systemkomponenten Informationen austauschen und nutzen können. Diese Fähigkeit ist von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung für Informationsnetzwerke, auf die wir alle angewiesen sind, und mehr noch für die Entwicklung des Semantischen Web. Bei Thesauri gibt es zwei Ebenen der Interoperabilität: 1. Erstellung des Thesaurus in einer standardisierten Form, um den Import und die Nutzung des Thesaurus in anderen Systemen zu gewährleisten (dies wurde in ISO 25964-1 behandelt und 2011 publiziert). 2. Ergänzende Nutzung von weiteren Vokabularien und zwar durch die Erstellung von Mappings zwischen den Begriffen eines Thesaurus und denen eines anderen Vokabulars (Thema von ISO 25964-2). Nur wenn Mappings mit der empfohlenen Sorgfalt von ISO 25964-2 durchgeführt werden, kann sichergestellt werden, dass die auf ihnen basierenden Verknüpfungen im Semantic Web den nichtsahnenden Netzsurfer nicht zu irreführenden Ergebnissen führen.
Der vollständige Titel von Teil 2 lautet "Information and documentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies - Teil 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies". Wichtige Themen, die der Standard behandelt, sind Strukturmodelle für das Mapping, Richtlinien für Mappingtypen und der Umgang mit Präkombination, die besonders bei Klassifikationen, Taxonomien und Schlagwortsystemen vorkommt. Das primäre Augenmerk von ISO 25964 gilt den Thesauri, und mit Ausnahme von Terminologien existieren keine vergleichbaren Standards für die anderen Vokabulartypen. Statt zu versuchen, diese normativ darzustellen, behandelt Teil 2 ausschließlich die Interoperabilität zwischen ihnen und den Thesauri. Die Kapitel für die einzelnen Vokabulartypen decken jeweils folgende Sachverhalte ab: - Schlüsseleigenschaften des Vokabulars (deskriptiv, nicht normativ) - Semantische Komponenten/Beziehungen (deskriptiv, nicht normativ) Sofern anwendbar, Empfehlungen für das Mapping zwischen Vokabular und Thesaurus (normativ).
Im Fall von Ontologien, Terminologien und Synonymringen ist das Mapping in oder aus einem Thesaurus nicht immer nützlich. Hier sind andere Formen sich gegenseitig befruchtender Nutzung zu empfehlen. Dies gilt besonders für Ontologien, die im Kontext des Semantischen Web kombiniert mit Thesauri eingesetzt werden können. ISO 25964-2 zeigt die Unterschiede zwischen Thesauri und Ontologien auf und gibt Beispiele für die Möglichkeiten interoperabler Funktionen. Praktische Implementation und weiterführende Arbeiten Und was bedeutet dies für SKOS, dem W3C-Standard für die Veröffentlichung von Simple Knowledge Organization Systems im Web? Die Arbeitsgruppen von SKOS und ISO 25964 haben glücklicherweise eng zusammengearbeitet, was sich in einer guten Kompatibilität der beiden Standards äußert. Gemeinsam haben sie eine Tabelle erarbeitet, die die Übereinstimmungen zwischen den Datenmodellen von ISO 25964 und SKOS/SKOS-XL aufzeigt und nun beim ISO 25964-Sekretariat unter http://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964/frei zugänglich ist. Die Tabelle ist formal kein Bestandteil der beiden Standards, aber von beiden abhängig. Das macht sie zu einem Beispiel für die Entwicklung praktischer Tools für das sich erweiternde Semantische Web durch die Gemeinschaft seiner Nutzer."

Object

ISO 25964-2

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Abstract

ISO 25964-1 ist der neue internationale Standard für Thesauri. Die Norm ersetzt ISO 2788 und ISO 5964. Erschienen unter dem vollständigen Titel "Information and documentation -Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies - Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval" berücksichtigt ISO 25964-1 einsprachige und mehrsprachige Thesauri sowie die heutigen Anforderungen an Interoperabilität, Networking und die gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten (Data Sharing). Im Standard sind folgende Themen enthalten: - Erstellung einsprachiger und mehrsprachiger Thesauri; - Klärung des Unterschieds zwischen Benennungen und Begriffen und ihrer Beziehungen zueinander; - Richtlinien zur Facettenanalyse, zur Gestaltung und Darstellung von Thesauri; - Richtlinien zur Thesaurusnutzung in computergestützten und vernetzten Systemen; Best-Practice-Modell für Management der Thesaurusentwicklung und -wartung; - Leitfaden Thesaurusverwaltungssoftware; - Datenmodell für ein- und mehrsprachige Thesauri; - zusammengefasste Empfehlungen für Austauschformate und -protokolle. Aus dem Datenmodell wurde ein XML-Schema für Datenaustauschzwecke erstellt, das frei verfügbar ist unter http://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964/.

Object

ISO 25964-1

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Abstract

International standard ISO 25964-1:2011 - Thesauri for information retrieval, includes a detailed data model for thesaurus structure. It is intended to provide a rigorous presentation of the elements and relationships which will not only clarify and standardise the varying and conflicting interpretations which exist but which can also be implemented consistently in automated systems. It makes a clear distinction between concepts and the terms which are used to label them, and includes other features that may be present in a thesaurus, such as compound equivalence, arrays and node labels, concept groups, notes and version history.

Object

ISO 25964

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ISO 25964

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Abstract

This paper is aimed at assessing the potential of interoperable knowledge organization systems to respond to search strategies in order to retrieve information from databases in the areas of health and biomedicine. An analysis was done on the semantic consistency of synonym grouping of a term selected from the Metathesaurus, the Unified Medical Language System of the National Library of Medicine, based on the characteristics of equivalence proposed in ISO 25964: 2: 2011 and based on the following categories: semantic, morphological, syntactic and typographical variations. This paper highlights the importance of understanding the results of automatic mapping as well as the need for characterization, evaluation and selection of equivalences for preparation of consistent search strategies and presentation of search results in scientific work methodologies.

Object

ISO 25964-2

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Source

http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDQQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F3131107&ei=HzFWVYvGMsiNsgGTyoFI&usg=AFQjCNE2FHUeR9oQTQlNC4TPedv4Mo3DaQ&sig2=Rlzpr7a3BLZZkqZCXXN_IA&bvm=bv.93564037,d.bGg&cad=rja

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Content

Programm mit Links auf die Präsentationen: Armando Stellato, Ahsan Morshed, Gudrun Johannsen, Yves Jacques, Caterina Caracciolo, Sachit Rajbhandari, Imma Subirats, Johannes Keizer: A Collaborative Framework for Managing and Publishing KOS - Christian Mader, Bernhard Haslhofer: Quality Criteria for Controlled Web Vocabularies - Ahsan Morshed, Benjamin Zapilko, Gudrun Johannsen, Philipp Mayr, Johannes Keizer: Evaluating approaches to automatically match thesauri from different domains for Linked Open Data - Johan De Smedt: SKOS extensions to cover mapping requirements - Mark Tomko: Translating biological data sets Into Linked Data - Daniel Kless: Ontologies and thesauri - similarities and differences - Antoine Isaac, Jacco van Ossenbruggen: Europeana and semantic alignment of vocabularies - Douglas Tudhope: Complementary use of ontologies and (other) KOS - Wilko van Hoek, Brigitte Mathiak, Philipp Mayr, Sascha Schüller: Comparing the accuracy of the semantic similarity provided by the Normalized Google Distance (NGD) and the Search Term Recommender (STR) - Denise Bedford: Selecting and Weighting Semantically Discovered Concepts as Social Tags - Stella Dextre Clarke, Johan De Smedt. ISO 25964-1: a new standard for development of thesauri and exchange of thesaurus data

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Object

ISO 25964

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Abstract

For some years mapping has been one of the main tasks in the EDUG member countries. While the ISO standard on mapping and interoperability with other vocabularies (ISO 25964-2) gives some advice on creating mappings between a thesaurus and e.g. a classification system, it does not deal with Dewey Decimal Classification specifically. The EDUG members have felt a growing need to discuss and record the knowledge acquired in mapping projects where either the source or the target vocabulary is DDC. The recommendations below are the result of a seminar on mapping in connection with the EDUG annual meeting in April 2015. The recommendations are not exhaustive and will be subject to change as EDUG members gain more experience in this field of work. We still hope that institutions planning to embark on a mapping project to/from DDC, may find the guidelines helpful.

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Abstract

The concepts of simplicity and complexity play major roles in information storage and retrieval in knowledge organizations. This paper reports an investigation of these concepts in the structure of descriptors. The main purpose of simplicity is to decrease the number of words in the construction of descriptors as this idea affects semantic relations, recall and precision. ISO 25964 has affirmed the purpose of simplicity by requiring splitting compound terms into simpler concepts. This work aims to elaborate the standard methods of evaluation by providing a more detailed evaluation of the descriptors structure and identifying effective factors in simplicity and complexity results in the structure of thesauri descriptors. The research population is taken from the descriptors of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) Thesaurus, the Persian Cultural Thesaurus (ASFA) and the Chemical Thesaurus. This research was conducted using the statistical and content analysis method. In this research we propose a new quantitative approach as well as novel indicators and indices involving Simplicity and Factoring Ratios to evaluate the descriptors structure. The results will be useful in the verification, selection and maintenance purposes in knowledge organizations and the inquiry method can be further developed in the field of ontology evaluation.

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Object

ISO 25964-2

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Abstract

Thesauri are Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), that arise from the consensus of wide communities. They have been in use for many years and are regularly updated. Whereas in the past thesauri were designed for information professionals for indexing and searching, today there is a demand for conceptual vocabularies that enable inferencing by machines. The development of the Semantic Web has brought a new opportunity for thesauri, but thesauri also face the challenge of proving that they add value to it. The evolution of thesauri toward their integration with the Semantic Web is examined. Elements and structures in the thesaurus standard, ISO 25964, and SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), the Semantic Web standard for representing KOS, are reviewed and compared. Moreover, the integrity rules of thesauri are contrasted with the axioms of SKOS. How SKOS has been applied to represent some real thesauri is taken into account. Three thesauri are chosen for this aim: AGROVOC, EuroVoc and the UNESCO Thesaurus. Based on the results of this comparison and analysis, the benefits that Semantic Web technologies offer to thesauri, how thesauri can contribute to the Semantic Web, and the challenges that would help to improve their integration with the Semantic Web are discussed.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Content

Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.