Search (68 results, page 2 of 4)

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Abstract

The present paper is offered as the first of a series of articles in which PRECIS will be reviewed as a potential multi-lingual system, having in mind the obvious need, notably in a European context, for standard and language independent methods of subject analysis and document description. This first paper outlines the origins of PRECIS, and considers its use in English language indexing. A second paper will deal in general terms with the syntactical model which is used for producing PRECIS input strings and index entries. Later papers will then review the application of this model to indexing in, firstly, the Germanic languages (e.g. German and Danish), and, secondly, the Romance languages, illustrated by French.

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Abstract

The case under consideration is a project of building an interdisciplinary multilingual thesaurus (Romanian-English-French) starting from a list of indexing terms based on an abridged version of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). The resulting thesaurus is intended for public libraries for both indexing and searching purposes in bibliographic databases covering a wide range of topics but with a fairly low level of specificity. The problems encountered in such an approach fall into two groups: 1) concordance or compatibility problems in terms of the indexing languages considered (between a classification system and a thesaurus); 2) equivalence and, hence, translatability problems in terms of the natural languages involved. Additionally, the question of ambiguity given the co-occurrence of terms in more than one class, will be discussed with reference to homographs and polysemantic words. In a thesaurus with such a wide coverage yet with a low specificity level, the method adopted in the thesaurus construction was to provide as many lead-in terms as possible and post them up to the closest in meaning broader term in order to improve the recall ratio

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Abstract

M-CAST which stands for »Multilingual Content Aggregation System based on TRUST Search Engine« is a multilingual indexing and retrieval system based on semantic technology; it allows asking a question in one language and finding an exact answer in digitalized resources in different languages. It can serve as a monolingual query-answering system as well. Presently, we have a prototype of the M-CAST system; it was developed to evaluate both retrieval effectiveness and correctness of the interpretation process and has been tested in real-world situations. Further research will be done to increase the capabilities of the system. The M-CAST question-answering could be applied in both digital and hybrid libraries, because it enables to pose questions using either a set of search terms or natural-language questions. In addition, it enables to narrow a search in advanced search module using UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) system, which is widely used in libraries.

Source

New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a

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Abstract

Work in establishing interoperability between Subject Heading Languages (SHLs) in Europe is fairly recent and much work is still needed before users can successfully conduct subject searches across information resources in European libraries. Over the last 25 years many subject heading lists were created or developed from existing ones. Obstacles for effective interoperability have been progressively lifted which has paved the way for interoperability projects to achieve some encouraging results. This paper will look at interoperability approaches in the area of subject indexing tools and will present a short overview of the development of European SHLs. It will then look at the conditions necessary for effective and comprehensive interoperability using the method of linking subject headings, as used by the »Multilingual Access to Subject Headings project« (MACS).

Source

New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a

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Abstract

This fourth paper in the series on PRECIS will consider the theoretical model of the indexing operation proposed in an earlier paper, and extend its application to one of the Romance languages, namely French. The present author has noted, throughout the publication of this series, how closely these logico-linguistic explanations could be applied to indexing in the French language. It is realised that experiments into PRECIS as a multilingual system are not complete, and that a new phase has undoubtedly started with the current British Library investigation of its translingual potential. Nevertheless, it would appear that the major problems still facing the researchers, such as the treatment of inflections, infixes, etc., are mostly related to the Germanic languages. As far as French is concerned, it is a relatively simple matter to give a positive answer to the question posed in the first paper: " . . . Do the codes and procedures developed so far (including the specified additions) amount to a general system which is capable of operating in any of the major European (and other) languages?"

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Date

1. 2.2016 18:25:22

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Source

Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou

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Abstract

This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.

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Abstract

The paper provides an illustration of the benefits of subject authority control improving multilingual subject access in NEBIS - Netzwerk von Bibliotheken und Informationsstellen in der Schweiz. This example of good practice focuses on some important aspects of classification and indexing. NEBIS subject authorities comprise a classification scheme and multilingual subject descriptor system. A bibliographic system supported by subject authority control empowers libraries as it enables them to expand and adjust vocabulary and link subjects to suit their specific audience. Most importantly it allows the management of different subject vocabularies in numerous languages. In addition, such an enriched subject index creates re-usable and shareable source of subject statements that has value in the wider context of information exchange. The illustrations and supporting arguments are based on indexing practice, subject authority control and use of classification in ETH-Bibliothek, which is the largest library within the NEBIS network.

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Abstract

AGRIS, the International System for Agricultural Sciences and Technology became available on CD-ROM in 1989. In 1992, the AGROVOC thesaurus was added to the CD-ROM database a special searching feature. AGROVOC is a multilingual thesaurus of agricultural terminology, in English, French, Spanish, Italian and German, and is AGRIS's attempt to respond to demands for multilingual access the database. In 1986, AGROVOC became the mandatory indexing tool for AGRIS and replaced the commodity and geographical codes used previously. The thesaurus is divided into 2 main sections: a list of permuted term providing access to the online thesaurus via descriptors and cross references; and a term detail section providing information about relationships between descriptors

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Abstract

This article describes a framework for cross-language information retrieval that efficiently leverages statistical estimation of translation probabilities. The framework provides a unified perspective into which some earlier work on techniques for cross-language information retrieval based on translation probabilities can be cast. Modeling synonymy and filtering translation probabilities using bidirectional evidence are shown to yield a balance between retrieval effectiveness and query-time (or indexing-time) efficiency that seems well suited large-scale applications. Evaluations with six test collections show consistent improvements over strong baselines.

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Abstract

Describes the TELMI monolingual text retrieval system and its future extension, a multilingual system. TELMI is designed for medium sized databases containing short texts. The characteristics of the system are fine-grained natural language processing (NLP); an open domain and a large scale knowledge base; automated indexing based on conceptual representation of texts and reusability of the NLP tools. Discusses the French MINITEL service, the MGS information service and the TELMI research system covering the full text system; NLP architecture; the lexical level; the syntactic level; the semantic level and an example of the use of a generic system

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Abstract

Lacking a universal working language, information managers around the world cannot now deal reliably and efficiently with multilingual documentation. Language mismatch paralyses international cooperative efforts such as multinational bibliographic standardisation, linking of collections, and sharing the work of classification and indexing. Knowledge of the same second language by all information managers can open the communication channels needed for worldwide cooperation. Ethnis and ideological rivalries prclude success in this role by any of the conventional languages. The planned language, Esperanto, is the logical choice because of its neutrality, rational structure, clarity and expressive power. Pioneering projects in automatic language processing, not possible in English, are feasible in Esperanto

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Abstract

The automation of Bucharest University Central Library involved the compilation of a dictionary of terms to facilitate postcoordinated searching in accordance with the UDC notation attached to every bibliographic record. Describes the project and demonstrates why a multilingual UDC based thesaurus is considered as ideal indexing and searching tool. The experiment, which applied to Class 8 of UDC (Linguisitcs and Literature), illustrates how all UDC tables can be successfully used to build a thesaurus and the ways in which their limitations can be overcome by a thesaurus

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Abstract

This paper reports the design of a Chinese test collection with multilingual queries and the application of this test collection to evaluate information retrieval Systems. The effective indexing units, IR models, translation techniques, and query expansion for Chinese text retrieval are identified. The collaboration of East Asian countries for construction of test collections for cross-language multilingual text retrieval is also discussed in this paper. As well, a tool is designed to help assessors judge relevante and gather the events of relevante judgment. The log file created by this tool will be used to analyze the behaviors of assessors in the future.

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Source

New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a

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Source

New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a

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Abstract

PRECIS was introduced, mainly as an English language system, in the first paper in this series (1), and that account was followed by a generalised logicolinguistic explanation in the second (2). The present paper sets out to consider more practical matters of two kinds. Firstly, it describes some of the experiments in multilingual indexing which have been carried out already, noting in particular the lessons, leading to new procedures, drawn from these experiences. Secondly, the theoretical model proposed in the second paper, together with some of the new codes and procedures found to be necessary as the result of experiment with non-English languages, are related specifically to work in the Germanic languages.

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Abstract

The existence of huge amounts of information available in information systems and networks worldwide imposes the creation of adequate tools able to efficiently organize it and allow its retrieval across geographical, linguistic and cultural boundaries. An indexing language covering all areas of knowledge and converting the language-independent structure of a classification system like the Universal Decimal Classification into a thesaurus structure in more than one language seems to be a solution. Among the key attributes of the indexing language thus obtained we can mention: consistency in indexing, control an terms, user-friendliness. The paper presents the great potential in information retrieval of the combined retrieval method by means of a case study. 1. Introduction Among the consequences of the rapid development of the global information society a major one is the existence of huge amounts of information stored in information systems and networks across geographical, linguistic and cultural boundaries. The need was imposed to create tools and technologies able to efficiently organize and allow retrieval of information in this universal context. Information professionals had to cope not only with the multitude of knowledge organisation and representation systems but also with the multitude of languages the available information is stored in order to provide the users with effective information retrieval tools. For this purpose a real language industry has been developed, theoreticians and researchers making considerable efforts to find feasible solutions to problems of multilingual access by way of natural language processing and machine translation methodologies. Such corporate efforts belong to the CoBRA+ working group for multilingual access to subjects (MACS) or to the cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) tracks of the Text Retrieval Conferences that annually report the progress made in multilingual information access and retrieval. The encouraging results they have obtained so far are still confined to discipline/domain restrictions and most of their achievements are based an language pairs rather than multiple language combinations.

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Source

Probleme de Informare si Documentare. 28(1994) no.1, S.13-22