Search (4180 results, page 1 of 209)

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Abstract

Im interdisziplinären Exzellenzportal Leibniz Publik werden ausgewählte Publikationen von Leibniz-Preisträgerinnen und -Preisträgern in der publizierten Version im Open Access zugänglich gemacht. Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft hatte zunächst die Ausgezeichneten der ersten zwanzig Preisjahrgänge um die Nennung von jeweils bis zu zehn eigenen Titeln gebeten. Als Resultat des seit 2009 von der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek in einem DFG-geförderten Projekt durchgeführten Rechteklärungsprozesses können über 7o%dergemeldeten Dokumente im Open Access angeboten werden. Auch im Kontext von verwandten Projekten und Machbarkeitsstudien in europäischen Nachbarländern stellt sich die Herangehensweise einer klar definierten, handhabbaren Auswahl von Publikationen bei konsequenter Rechteklärung als zielführend für die Realisierung einer solchen Plattform dar. Eingegangen wird auch auf die technische Umsetzung der Zugriffsplattform, das Präsentationssystem und die angebotenen Retrievalkontexte. Das Portal wurde im September 2011 im Rahmen eines internationalen Symposiums freigegeben und ist unter www.leibniz-publik.de erreichbar.

Object

Leibniz Publik

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Content

Helpedia leidet darunter, dass Internet-Betrüger gern vorgeben, gemeinnützig zu sein. Schwiecker kämpft daher besonders vehement um ein seriöses Image: "Das Finanzamt hat uns als gemeinnützige Organisation anerkannt", sagt er: "Bei neuen Partnern orientieren wir uns im Zweifelsfall daran, ob die entsprechende Organisation offiziell gemeinnützig und in einem der von uns vorgegebenen Bereiche tätig ist, damit keine schwarzen Schafe in unsere Datenbank geraten." Alle Helpedia-Aktionen macht Schwiecker im Internet publik, alle Einträge in der Datenbank enthalten nötige Kontakt-Daten sowie das Logo der jeweiligen Organisation, sei es "Brot für die Welt" oder die Deutsche Lebensrettungsgesellschaft. Hilfs-Beitrag in der realen Welt Helpedia funktioniert schon jetzt gut, wie sich herausstellt: Besagte Kölner Lehrerin erhält auf ihre Anfrage immerhin zehn Treffer, darunter einen, der auf eine Betreuer-Arbeit bei einer unweiten Caritas-Dienststelle hinweist und gleich E-Mail-Adresse und Telefonnummer enthält. Wer sich bei Helpedia registrieren möchte, kann dies kostenlos und unverbindlich tun. Im Forum darf jeder Besucher Verbesserungsvorschläge machen, auf schwarze Schafe hinweisen - oder das Angebot loben, das im Gegensatz zu Quatsch-Portalen ä la StudiVZ einen Hilfs-Beitrag in der realen Welt zu leisten vermag."

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

Source

Bergische Landeszeitung. Nr.108 vom 9.5.2008, S.22

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Abstract

1957 hat Karl Steinbuch mit seinem Mitarbeiter Helmut Gröttrup den Begriff "Informatik" erfunden. Er gebrauchte diesen Begriff nicht zur Bezeichnung eines wissenschaftlichen Fachgebiets, sondern eher für seine Abteilung bei der Firma SEL in Stuttgart. Zu dieser Zeit standen sich in diesem Feld drei Parteien gegenüber: Die Mathematiker, die mit Rechenanlagen elektronisch rechneten, die Elektrotechniker, die Nachrichtenverarbeitung trieben und die Wirtschaftler und Lochkartenleute, die mit mechanisch-elektronischen Geräten zählten, buchten und aufsummierten. Während sich in den USA und England die Mathematiker mit dem Namen für das Gerät "Computer" durchsetzten und die Wissenschaft pragmatisch "Computer Science" genannt wurde, war in Deutschland die Diskussion bis in die 60er Jahre unentschieden: Die Abkürzung EDV hält sich noch immer gegenüber "Rechner" und "Computer"; Steinbuch selbst nannte 1962 sein Taschenbuch nicht "Taschenbuch der Informatik" sondern "Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung". 1955 wurde eine Informatik-Tagung in Darmstadt noch "Elektronische Rechenanlagen und Informationsverarbeitung" genannt. Die Internationale Gesellschaft hieß "International Federation for Information Processing". 1957 aber definierte Steinbuch "Informatik" als "Automatische Informationsverarbeitung" und war auf diese Art den Mathematikern entgegengegangen. Als Firmenbezeichnung schien der Begriff geschützt zu sein. Noch 1967 wurde der Fachbeirat der Bundesregierung "für Datenverarbeitung" genannt. Erst als die Franzosen die Bezeichnung "Informatique" verwendeten, war der Weg frei für die Übernahme. So wurde der Ausschuss des Fachbeirats zur Etablierung des Hochschulstudiums bereits der "Einführung von Informatik-Studiengängen" gewidmet. Man überzeugte den damaligen Forschungsminister Stoltenberg und dieser machte in einer Rede den Begriff "Informatik" publik. Ende der 60er Jahre übernahmen F. L. Bauer und andere den Begriff, nannten 1969 die Berufsgenossenschaft "Gesellschaft für Informatik" und sorgten für die entsprechende Benennung des wissenschaftlichen Fachgebiets. Die strittigen Grundbegriffe dieses Prozesses: Information/Informationen, Nachrichten und Daten scheinen heute nur Nuancen zu trennen. Damals ging es natürlich auch um Politik, um Forschungsrichtungen, um den Geist der Wissenschaft, um die Ausrichtung. Mehr Mathematik, mehr Ingenieurwissenschaft oder mehr Betriebswirtschaft, so könnte man die Grundströmungen vereinfachen. Mit der Ausrichtung der Informatik nicht versöhnte Elektrotechniker nannten sich Informationstechniker, die Datenverarbeiter sammelten sich im Lager der Wirtschaftsinformatiker. Mit den Grundbegriffen der Informatik, Nachricht, Information, Datum, hat es seitdem umfangreiche Auseinandersetzungen gegeben. Lehrbücher mussten geschrieben werden, Lexika und Nachschlagewerke wurden verfasst, Arbeitsgruppen tagten. Die Arbeiten C. Shannons zur Kommunikation, mit denen eine statistische Informationstheorie eingeführt worden war, spielten dabei nur eine geringe Rolle.

Date

5. 4.2013 10:22:48

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Content

Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.

Date

8. 1.2013 10:22:32

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Abstract

Although classification has been an important aspect of astronomy since stellar spectroscopy in the late nineteenth century, to date no comprehensive classification system has existed for all classes of objects in the universe. Here we present such a system, and lay out its foundational definitions and principles. The system consists of the "Three Kingdoms" of planets, stars and galaxies, eighteen families, and eighty-two classes of objects. Gravitation is the defining organizing principle for the families and classes, and the physical nature of the objects is the defining characteristic of the classes. The system should prove useful for both scientific and pedagogical purposes.

Date

21.11.2019 18:46:22

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Abstract

A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory

Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Abstract

Nach einer einleitenden Diskussion der Benennungen Dokumentenkunde und Dokumentologie wird der diesbezügliche Objektbereich der Informationswissenschaft begründet. Es wird dazu eine Systematik vorgestellt, die von 1968 bis 1970 vom UDC-Revisions-Komitee 03/04 mit etwa 2000 Begriffen und Codes auf 37 Seiten erarbeitet und von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation nur in wenigen Kopien gedruckt und bislang noch nicht allgemein publik gemacht wurde. Das System wurde auch vom FID Central Classification Committee weder verabschiedet noch publiziert. Die Tabellen werden aus Platzgründen kumuliert wiedergegeben. Abschließend wird ein Vorschlag für eine neue Gliederung unterbreitet und die Verwendung der Systematik im Zusammenhang mit der Information Coding Classification erörtert.

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Content

"Rasende Reporter haben es auch nicht leicht. Letzten Freitag beispielsweise klingelt das Telefon: Am anderen Ende eine Amerikanerin mit leichtem russischem Akzent, gerade in der deutschen Hauptstadt zu Gast und beinahe verwandt mit entfernten Bekannten. Lohnt sich das, rein wirtschaftlich, so einen Kontakt zu knüpfen? Diese Frage beantwortet heutzutage Google - man weiß schließlich in einer Stadt wie Berlin nie, wer Leute wirklich sind oder sein könnten. Agenten vielleicht oder, noch schlimmer, nervige Lebenszeitabsauger, die von tausend Projekten erzählen und keines gebacken bekommen. Vorname und Nachname ergeben gegoogelt verdächtig wenig: Ein einziger Hinweis auf ein in den Neunzigern absolviertes Praktikum in einer New Yorker Galerie, deren Nichtexistenz für die Kunstwelt auch keine Katastrophe wäre. Also der Nachname: Es finden sich eine Aachener Lyrikerin aus Riga, etwas mit Landkarten und jemand aus der Chruschtschow-Administration. Das Date geht in Ordnung, und beim Treffen entfaltet sich ein charmantes Hintergrundgespräch, bis der Hinweis auf Chruschtschow fällt. "Du hast mich gegoogelt?" Anderes Thema: Die Sache mit dem Archiv und den Informanten. Journalisten, so war das früher, bekamen einen Auftrag. In der guten alten Gewissheit, dass Nachrichten nur das sind, was derzeit irgendjemand versucht, nicht publik werden zu lassen, begann dann der lange Marsch in die Archive, Dossiers wurden angefertigt, Verbindungen hergestellt, Thesen entwickelt und bisweilen traf man sich nächtens mit Informanten in Tiefgaragen zu vertraulichen Gesprächen. So weit, so ehrenhaft - aber außer Seymour Hersh macht so etwas niemand mehr. Wie desolat die Recherche-Lage ist, zeigt unfreiwillig die Erfolgsmeldung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Senders, der unlängst mit stolzgeschwellter Investigatorenbrust verkündete, eine eigene Recherche-Redaktion mit sage und schreibe vier Mitarbeitern aufzubauen. Was genau die restlichen Mitarbeiter eigentlich machen, möchte man lieber gar nicht wissen. Oder doch? Mal schnell "Gottschalk" und "Schleichwerbung" googeln, immerhin, 492 Hits, könnte eine Geschichte sein. Grund für diese verbreitete Form der Instant-Aufklärung ist neben schlichter Bequemlichkeit auch die desolate Lage der vielen freien Autoren, die vor der Wahl stehen, entweder für ein Monatseinkommen in der Region von Hartz IV seriös und ergebnisoffen zu arbeiten, oder eben die nötige Anzahl Geschichten "rund" und vor allem schnell zu liefern. Doch was in der Vergangenheit meist unter Kollegen bekannt war, aber wenigstens nicht publiziert wurde, findet ;sich inzwischen auch in Texten: "Ein Thema, das bewegt - zum Begriff XYZ finden'sich so und so viele Hits bei Google." Das, denkt sich der Leser, kann ich eigentlich auch, schmeißt selber die Suchmaschine an und wird so zum Journalisten- oder was er dafür hält. Der Vorteil daran ist, dass so bisweilen Informationen ans Licht der Welt drängen, die es garantiert nicht aus eigener Kraft auf FOX News geschafft hätten.

Date

17. 7.1996 9:33:22

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Abstract

RLG has used METS for a particular application, that is as a wrapper for structural metadata. When RLG cultural materials was launched, there was no single way to deal with "complex digital objects". METS provides a standard means of encoding metadata regarding the digital objects represented in RCM, and METS has now been fully integrated into the workflow for this service.

Source

Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.65-68

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Abstract

IODyone is an Internet client program that allows one to retriev information from servers by dynamically combining information objects. Information objects are abstract representations of bibliographic data, typically titles (or title keywords), author names, subject and classification identifiers, and full-text search terms

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Source

Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou

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Content

1. Agrarwissenschaften 1981. - 3. Allgemeine Geographie 2.1972. - 3a. Allgemeine Naturwissenschaften 1.1973. - 4. Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Allgemeine Literaturwissenschaft 2.1971. - 6. Allgemeines. 5.1983. - 7. Anglistik 3.1976. - 8. Astronomie, Geodäsie 4.1977. - 12. bio Biologie, bcp Biochemie-Biophysik, bot Botanik, zoo Zoologie 1981. - 13. Bremensien 3.1983. - 13a. Buch- und Bibliothekswesen 3.1975. - 14. Chemie 4.1977. - 14a. Elektrotechnik 1974. - 15 Ethnologie 2.1976. - 16,1. Geowissenschaften. Sachteil 3.1977. - 16,2. Geowissenschaften. Regionaler Teil 3.1977. - 17. Germanistik 6.1984. - 17a,1. Geschichte. Teilsystematik hil. - 17a,2. Geschichte. Teilsystematik his Neuere Geschichte. - 17a,3. Geschichte. Teilsystematik hit Neueste Geschichte. - 18. Humanbiologie 2.1983. - 19. Ingenieurwissenschaften 1974. - 20. siehe 14a. - 21. klassische Philologie 3.1977. - 22. Klinische Medizin 1975. - 23. Kunstgeschichte 2.1971. - 24. Kybernetik. 2.1975. - 25. Mathematik 3.1974. - 26. Medizin 1976. - 26a. Militärwissenschaft 1985. - 27. Musikwissenschaft 1978. - 27a. Noten 2.1974. - 28. Ozeanographie 3.1977. -29. Pädagogik 8.1985. - 30. Philosphie 3.1974. - 31. Physik 3.1974. - 33. Politik, Politische Wissenschaft, Sozialwissenschaft. Soziologie. Länderschlüssel. Register 1981. - 34. Psychologie 2.1972. - 35. Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft 1985. - 36. Rechtswissenschaften 1986. - 37. Regionale Geograpgie 3.1975. - 37a. Religionswissenschaft 1970. - 38. Romanistik 3.1976. - 39. Skandinavistik 4.1985. - 40. Slavistik 1977. - 40a. Sonstige Sprachen und Literaturen 1973. - 43. Sport 4.1983. - 44. Theaterwissenschaft 1985. - 45. Theologie 2.1976. - 45a. Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Archäologie 1970. - 47. Volkskunde 1976. - 47a. Wirtschaftswissenschaften 1971 // Schlüssel: 1. Länderschlüssel 1971. - 2. Formenschlüssel (Kurzform) 1974. - 3. Personenschlüssel Literatur 5. Fassung 1968

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Abstract

Part 1 of a series of articles, exploring the concept of 'the work' in cataloguing practice, which attempts to construct a definition of the term based on AACR theory and practice. The study begins with a consideration of the objects of the catalogue, their history and the evidence that bears on the question of the degree to which the user needs access to the work, as opposed to a particular edition of the work

Footnote

Vgl. auch: Pt.2: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 19(1994) no.2, S.5-22; Pt.3: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 20(1995) no.1, S.25-46; Pt.4: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 20(1995) no.2, S.3-24

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Abstract

Large, data-rich organizations have tremendously large collections of digital objects to be "repurposed," to respond quickly and economically to publishing, marketing, and information needs. Some management typically assume that a content management system, or some other technique such as OWL and RDF, will automatically address the workflow and technical issues associated with this reuse. Four case studies show that the sources of some roadblocks to agile repurposing are as much managerial and organizational as they are technical in nature. The review concludes with suggestions on how digital object repurposing can be integrated given these organizations' structures.

Date

22. 1.2011 14:23:07

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Abstract

This article presents an exploratory study of Blobgects, an experimental interface for an online museum catalog that enables social tagging and blogging activity around a set of cultural heritage objects held by a preeminent museum of anthropology and archaeology. This study attempts to understand not just whether social tagging and commenting about these objects is useful but rather whose tags and voices matter in presenting different expert perspectives around digital museum objects. Based on an empirical comparison between two different user groups (Canadian Inuit high-school students and museum studies students in the United States), we found that merely adding the ability to tag and comment to the museum's catalog does not sufficiently allow users to learn about or engage with the objects represented by catalog entries. Rather, the specialist language of the catalog provides too little contextualization for users to enter into the sort of dialog that proponents of Web 2.0 technologies promise. Overall, we propose a more nuanced application of Web 2.0 technologies within museums - one which provides a contextual basis that gives users a starting point for engagement and permits users to make sense of objects in relation to their own needs, uses, and understandings.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:52:32

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Abstract

We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and links instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models

Date

21.10.2000 15:01:22

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Abstract

Describes an approach to the problem of object recognition structured around a sequence of increasingly specialised grouping activities that assemble coherent regions of images that can be sown to satisfy increasingly stringent conditions. The recognition system is designed to cope with: colour and texture; the ability to deal with general objects in uncontrolled configurations and contexts; and a satisfactory notion of classification. These properties are illustrated using 3 case studies, demonstrating: the use of descriptions that fuse colour and spatial properties; the use of fusion of texture and geometric properties to describes trees; and the use of a recognition system to determine accurately whether an image contains people and animals

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05
3. 1.1999 12:21:22

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Abstract

Discusses the need for facilities for online vocabulary control and standardization of terms, codes, etc., so as to secure consistency in naming of subjects, objects, countries, languages, etc., in databases at data entry stage. Most information storage and retrieval packages for microcomputers including MicroIsis provide for online vocabulary control in formulating search expressions for information retrieval, but not at the data entry stage. VOCON.PAS is a Pascal interface program for use with MicroIsis software for (a) online selection of term(s) and/or code(s) from vocabulary control tool, such as, thesaurus, subject heading list, classification scheme, nomenclature list(s)

Source

Knowledge organization. 22(1995) no.1, S.18-22

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Abstract

Fundamental forms of information, as well as the term information itself, are defined and developed for the purposes of information science/studies. Concepts of natural and represented information (taking an unconventional sense of representation), encoded and embodied information, as well as experienced, enacted, expressed, embedded, recorded, and trace information are elaborated. The utility of these terms for the discipline is illustrated with examples from the study of information-seeking behavior and of information genres. Distinctions between the information and curatorial sciences with respect to their social (and informational) objects of study are briefly outlined.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:15:22