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Content

Digitale und handschriftliche Signatur erfüllen zwar den selben Zweck - ein Dokument rechtlich verbindlich zu machen -, doch technisch haben sie nichts mehr miteinander zu tun. Statt den Namenszug unter ein Papier zu setzen, bedient sich der Online-Kunde einer Chipkarte, auf der seine persönlichen Daten gespeichert sind. Bei einer Transaktion, egal, ob beim elektronischen Einkauf oder einem virtuellen Behördengang, führt der Benutzer seine Karte in ein spezielles Kartenlesegerät ein, das an seinem Computer installiert ist. Der über das Internet versendete Text wird daraufhin mit der digitalen Kennung versehen. Ein Teil der Verschlüsselung ist öffentlich zugänglich, damit die Empfänger die Echtheit prüfen können. Der andere Teil bleibt Privatgeheimnis des Nutzers. Vergeben und überwacht werden die elektronischen Schlüssel von lizensierten Zertifizierungsstellen. Genehmigungen für diese Trustcenter erteilt die Regulierungsbehörde für Post- und Telekommunikation. Das gestern im Bundestag beschlossene Gesetz zur Neuregelung der Sicherheitsbestimmungen bei digitalen Unterschriften könnte nach Meinung von Matthias Robben vom Forschungsinstitut für Telekommunikation zu einer größeren Verbreitung der virtuellen Signatur führen. Denn noch sei diese "wegen der hohen Auflagen zu teuer". Das neue Gesetz lockere nun die strengen Bestimmungen für Trustcenter zum Vorteil der Kunden. Ein Sicherheitsproblem sieht Robben dabei nicht. Denn die Sicherheitsstandards seien mehr als ausreichend. "Man bräuchte schon ein kleines Rechenzentrum, um die Codes der digitalen Unterschrift zu knacken." Mit dem neuen Gesetz sind die Vorgaben der EU-Richtlinie für E-Commerce erfüllt. Konkret regelt es aber nur die "Sicherheitsinfrastruktur" für Online-Unterschriften. Die eigentliche Rechtswirkung soll noch separat in einem Gesetzentwurf zur Anpassung des Privatrechts an den modernen Rechtsgeschäftsverkehr festgezurrt werden

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

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Content

Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.

Date

8. 1.2013 10:22:32

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Abstract

Although classification has been an important aspect of astronomy since stellar spectroscopy in the late nineteenth century, to date no comprehensive classification system has existed for all classes of objects in the universe. Here we present such a system, and lay out its foundational definitions and principles. The system consists of the "Three Kingdoms" of planets, stars and galaxies, eighteen families, and eighty-two classes of objects. Gravitation is the defining organizing principle for the families and classes, and the physical nature of the objects is the defining characteristic of the classes. The system should prove useful for both scientific and pedagogical purposes.

Date

21.11.2019 18:46:22

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Abstract

A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory

Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Abstract

RLG has used METS for a particular application, that is as a wrapper for structural metadata. When RLG cultural materials was launched, there was no single way to deal with "complex digital objects". METS provides a standard means of encoding metadata regarding the digital objects represented in RCM, and METS has now been fully integrated into the workflow for this service.

Source

Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.65-68

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Abstract

IODyone is an Internet client program that allows one to retriev information from servers by dynamically combining information objects. Information objects are abstract representations of bibliographic data, typically titles (or title keywords), author names, subject and classification identifiers, and full-text search terms

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Source

Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou

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Content

1. Agrarwissenschaften 1981. - 3. Allgemeine Geographie 2.1972. - 3a. Allgemeine Naturwissenschaften 1.1973. - 4. Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Allgemeine Literaturwissenschaft 2.1971. - 6. Allgemeines. 5.1983. - 7. Anglistik 3.1976. - 8. Astronomie, Geodäsie 4.1977. - 12. bio Biologie, bcp Biochemie-Biophysik, bot Botanik, zoo Zoologie 1981. - 13. Bremensien 3.1983. - 13a. Buch- und Bibliothekswesen 3.1975. - 14. Chemie 4.1977. - 14a. Elektrotechnik 1974. - 15 Ethnologie 2.1976. - 16,1. Geowissenschaften. Sachteil 3.1977. - 16,2. Geowissenschaften. Regionaler Teil 3.1977. - 17. Germanistik 6.1984. - 17a,1. Geschichte. Teilsystematik hil. - 17a,2. Geschichte. Teilsystematik his Neuere Geschichte. - 17a,3. Geschichte. Teilsystematik hit Neueste Geschichte. - 18. Humanbiologie 2.1983. - 19. Ingenieurwissenschaften 1974. - 20. siehe 14a. - 21. klassische Philologie 3.1977. - 22. Klinische Medizin 1975. - 23. Kunstgeschichte 2.1971. - 24. Kybernetik. 2.1975. - 25. Mathematik 3.1974. - 26. Medizin 1976. - 26a. Militärwissenschaft 1985. - 27. Musikwissenschaft 1978. - 27a. Noten 2.1974. - 28. Ozeanographie 3.1977. -29. Pädagogik 8.1985. - 30. Philosphie 3.1974. - 31. Physik 3.1974. - 33. Politik, Politische Wissenschaft, Sozialwissenschaft. Soziologie. Länderschlüssel. Register 1981. - 34. Psychologie 2.1972. - 35. Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft 1985. - 36. Rechtswissenschaften 1986. - 37. Regionale Geograpgie 3.1975. - 37a. Religionswissenschaft 1970. - 38. Romanistik 3.1976. - 39. Skandinavistik 4.1985. - 40. Slavistik 1977. - 40a. Sonstige Sprachen und Literaturen 1973. - 43. Sport 4.1983. - 44. Theaterwissenschaft 1985. - 45. Theologie 2.1976. - 45a. Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Archäologie 1970. - 47. Volkskunde 1976. - 47a. Wirtschaftswissenschaften 1971 // Schlüssel: 1. Länderschlüssel 1971. - 2. Formenschlüssel (Kurzform) 1974. - 3. Personenschlüssel Literatur 5. Fassung 1968

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Abstract

Im Internet und in Online-Diensten wie AOL stehen Hunderttausende von Chat-Räumen bzw. Chat-Kanälen zur Verfügung. Die zeitgleich im Chat eingeloggten Personen können durch das Ablesen vom Monitor und das Tippen auf der Computertastatur untereinander maschinenschriftliche Gespräche führen. Von den 28,3 Millionen deutschen Onlinerinnen und Onlinern, die älter als 14 sind, nutzten im Jahr 200123 Prozent regelmäßig mindestens einmal pro Woche Online-Foren und Chats; bei den 14- bis 19-Jährigen waren es sogar 59 Prozent. Online-Chats werden oft mit Kneipen oder Single-Bars verglichen und somit als gesellige Freizeit-Treffpunkte und Kontaktbörsen charakterisiert. Doch diese Betrachtung ist zu eng, denn Chats erfüllen auch ganz andere Funktionen: Grob lassen sich Off-Topic-Chats (ohne feste Themen zum freien Plaudern und Flirten) von On-Topic-Chats (mit vorgegebenen Themen) abgrenzen. On-Topic-Chats kommen seltener im Webchat und häufiger im IRC (Internet Relay Chat) vor. Oft sind sie dem Wissensaustausch über Computerthemen gewidmet. Daneben existieren im IRC zahlreiche stark frequentierte Channels zum Tausch von Bildern, Musikstücken und Computerprogrammen, bei denen es um Transaktion und nicht um Kommunikation geht.

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Abstract

Der Erziehungs- und Bildungsauftrag der Schule umfaßt informationelle Bildung als eine der Schlüsselkompetenzen der Informationsgesellschaft. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Grundlagen für die aus dieser Aussage abgeleiteten notwendigen curricularen Ergänzungen und Neuerungen herausgearbeitet. Im Zentrum steht die Überführung des Erziehungsziels "informationelle Bildung" in eine operationalisierbare Zieltaxonomie, die in Basiswissen, das Technologie- und Medienkompetenz umfaßt, in Handlungswissen unter den Aspekten Information, Präsentation, Kommunikation, Transaktion und in Metakompetenzen aufgeschlüsselt wird. Die Herleitung der Ziele erfolgt aufgrund der als maßgeblich erachteten Strukturmerkmale, die sich aus der Konstellation der sich herausbildenden Informationsgesellschaft, der Telemediatisierung und der Institution Schule ableiten. Für die Realisierung im Unterricht wird die Modifikation der gegebenen schulpädagogischen Konzepte "informationstechnische Grundbildung" und "Medienerziehung" sowie der Ansatz der handlungsorientierten Pädagogik vorgeschlagen, an Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Unterricht konkretisiert und hinsichtlich der Sicherung der Rahmenbedingungen bezüglich inner- und außerschulischer Kooperation sowie personeller und technischer Ressourcen diskutiert.

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Abstract

Part 1 of a series of articles, exploring the concept of 'the work' in cataloguing practice, which attempts to construct a definition of the term based on AACR theory and practice. The study begins with a consideration of the objects of the catalogue, their history and the evidence that bears on the question of the degree to which the user needs access to the work, as opposed to a particular edition of the work

Footnote

Vgl. auch: Pt.2: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 19(1994) no.2, S.5-22; Pt.3: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 20(1995) no.1, S.25-46; Pt.4: Cataloging and classification quarterly. 20(1995) no.2, S.3-24

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Abstract

Large, data-rich organizations have tremendously large collections of digital objects to be "repurposed," to respond quickly and economically to publishing, marketing, and information needs. Some management typically assume that a content management system, or some other technique such as OWL and RDF, will automatically address the workflow and technical issues associated with this reuse. Four case studies show that the sources of some roadblocks to agile repurposing are as much managerial and organizational as they are technical in nature. The review concludes with suggestions on how digital object repurposing can be integrated given these organizations' structures.

Date

22. 1.2011 14:23:07

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Abstract

This article presents an exploratory study of Blobgects, an experimental interface for an online museum catalog that enables social tagging and blogging activity around a set of cultural heritage objects held by a preeminent museum of anthropology and archaeology. This study attempts to understand not just whether social tagging and commenting about these objects is useful but rather whose tags and voices matter in presenting different expert perspectives around digital museum objects. Based on an empirical comparison between two different user groups (Canadian Inuit high-school students and museum studies students in the United States), we found that merely adding the ability to tag and comment to the museum's catalog does not sufficiently allow users to learn about or engage with the objects represented by catalog entries. Rather, the specialist language of the catalog provides too little contextualization for users to enter into the sort of dialog that proponents of Web 2.0 technologies promise. Overall, we propose a more nuanced application of Web 2.0 technologies within museums - one which provides a contextual basis that gives users a starting point for engagement and permits users to make sense of objects in relation to their own needs, uses, and understandings.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:52:32

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Abstract

We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and links instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models

Date

21.10.2000 15:01:22

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Abstract

Describes an approach to the problem of object recognition structured around a sequence of increasingly specialised grouping activities that assemble coherent regions of images that can be sown to satisfy increasingly stringent conditions. The recognition system is designed to cope with: colour and texture; the ability to deal with general objects in uncontrolled configurations and contexts; and a satisfactory notion of classification. These properties are illustrated using 3 case studies, demonstrating: the use of descriptions that fuse colour and spatial properties; the use of fusion of texture and geometric properties to describes trees; and the use of a recognition system to determine accurately whether an image contains people and animals

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05
3. 1.1999 12:21:22

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Abstract

Discusses the need for facilities for online vocabulary control and standardization of terms, codes, etc., so as to secure consistency in naming of subjects, objects, countries, languages, etc., in databases at data entry stage. Most information storage and retrieval packages for microcomputers including MicroIsis provide for online vocabulary control in formulating search expressions for information retrieval, but not at the data entry stage. VOCON.PAS is a Pascal interface program for use with MicroIsis software for (a) online selection of term(s) and/or code(s) from vocabulary control tool, such as, thesaurus, subject heading list, classification scheme, nomenclature list(s)

Source

Knowledge organization. 22(1995) no.1, S.18-22

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Abstract

Fundamental forms of information, as well as the term information itself, are defined and developed for the purposes of information science/studies. Concepts of natural and represented information (taking an unconventional sense of representation), encoded and embodied information, as well as experienced, enacted, expressed, embedded, recorded, and trace information are elaborated. The utility of these terms for the discipline is illustrated with examples from the study of information-seeking behavior and of information genres. Distinctions between the information and curatorial sciences with respect to their social (and informational) objects of study are briefly outlined.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:15:22

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Abstract

Metadata (structured information about an object or collection of objects) is increasingly important to libraries, archives, and museums. And although librarians are familiar with a number of issues that apply to creating and using metadata (e.g., authority control, controlled vocabularies, etc.), the world of metadata is nonetheless different than library cataloging, with its own set of challenges. Therefore, whether you are new to these concepts or quite experienced with classic cataloging, this short (20 pages) introductory paper on metadata can be helpful

Date

10. 9.2004 10:22:40

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Date

22. 5.1998 20:02:22