-
Mulvany, N.C.: Back-of-the-book indexing (2009)
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- Abstract
- The book index occupies a special niche in the information retrieval world. Each index is a unique, authored work. Each book is a closed system. The text presented in a book does not change; the material is stable and fixed. Book indexers provide readers with a nonlinear way to access information in a text. Even though closed-system indexing predates the development of the printing press, a book index can be thought of as hypertext.
-
Bell, H.K.: Indexing biographies, and other stories of human lives (1992)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.46-47 (R. Fugmann)
-
Lathrop, L.: ¬An indexer's guide to the Internet (1999)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)
-
Craven, T.C.: Adapting of string indexing systems for retrieval using proximity operators (1988)
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- Abstract
- This article explores the idea of using a conventional string indexing source description, together with a special phrase generator, to generate multiple descriptor phrases for inclusion in a database record for online retrieval. For use with proximity operators, these multiple descriptor phrases should attempt to meet such objectives as bringing together groups of syntactically related words. Software for generating multiple descriptor phrases from source descriptions in a specific existing string indexing system is briefly described
-
Weinberg, B.H.: ¬The body of a reference work in relation to its index : an analysis of wordsmanship (1996)
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- Date
- 8. 3.1997 20:22:25
- Source
- Indexer. 20(1996) no.1, S.18-22
-
Olason, S.C.: Let's get usable! : Usability studies for indexes (2000)
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- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://www.theindexer.org/files/22-2-olason.pdf.
- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.2, S.91-95
-
Bell, H.K.: History of societies of indexing : part VII: 1992-95 (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.2, S.81-83
-
BIOSIS introduces new relational indexing scheme and additional information in 1998 (1998)
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- Abstract
- In 1998 BIOSIS will introduce a new relational indexing system to provide more specific natural language retrieval for its electronic products. Printed publications will have a redesigned subject index to replace the KWIC index and an organism index, replacing the current generic and biosystematic indexes, will allow hierarchical access to kingdom, family and common genus species names
-
Bradshaw, S.; Hammond, K.: Constructing indices from citations in collections of research papers (1999)
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- Abstract
- We describe Rosetta, an indexing and retrieval system for collections of research papers. Rosetta indexes papers in a collection based on the way they have been described when referenced by other papers in the collection. With this technique, indices for papers describe information provided in the same way a query describes information needed. Using Rosetta, simple natural language queries retrieve high-precision results in which descriptions based on citations clearly summarize retrieved papers; allowing users to quickly determine which papers most closely meet their information needs
-
Crawley, J.; Adams, C.: InfoAccess Project : comparing print, CD-ROM, and inhouse indexes (1991)
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- Abstract
- Describes the InfoAccess Project at the Univ of Saskatchewan Libraries which compared searching of manual and automated indexes by 22 undergraduate psychology students to determine their searching preferences by ranking 'Psychological abstracts' in 3 formats: print, CD-ROM and a locally mounted tape service called InfoAccess. Their satisfaction regarding the physical environment, equipment, and instructional aids was also recorded. Users preferred to search with CD-ROM, but found InfoAccess to be an acceptable alternative
-
Diodato, V.: Duplicate entries versus see cross references in back-of-the book indexes (1994)
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- Abstract
- Considers whether, when there is a choice, a back-of-book indexer should use a duplicate entry or a see reference. Guidelines suggest that it is preferable to use the duplicate entry if it would not add to the length or complexity of the index. Studies 1.100 see references in 202 back-of-book indexes and concludes that 22% of the see references should have been replaced by duplicate entries. Failure to select a duplicate entry instead of a see reference occurs most frequently in science and techology books and in indexes with no subheadings
-
Shuttleworth, C.: Marot, Hofstadter, index (1998)
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- Source
- Indexer. 21(1998) no.1, S.22-23
-
Rooney, P.: How I reused my own index (2007)
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- Date
- 8.12.2007 18:41:22
-
Wool, G.: Filing and precoordination : how subject headings are displayed in online catalogs and why it matters (2000)
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- Source
- The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T. Stone
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Holbert, S.: How to index Windows-based online help (2000)
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- Abstract
- Today, more and more software packages come with online documentation. Some have complete manuals as well. Others have basic documentation on paper and more advanced information online. I recently purchased a computer that came with 20 software programs and not one page of written documentation. More and more, users have to find information by searching online. Most documentation teams focus on writing and ignore the problems of information retrieval, making information in printed documents difficult to find, and online information impossible to find. With online Help, you cannot browse the documentation. You cannot even browse more than a couple of inches of the index at a time. If online users do not get superb guidance into the jungle of online Help, they go away like the hero of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, saying "Oh, the horror! The horror!" How does an online Help index work? The following examples are based on the Windows 95 Help-type system, but do not represent actual Help screens
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬Das Buchregister : Methodische Grundlagen und praktische Anwendung (2006)
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- Abstract
- 1. Im täglichen Leben oder im Beruf steht man oftmals vor der Aufgabe, nach Wissen zu suchen, das man in einem Buch gefunden hat oder das man darin vermutet. Dann ist es für den Suchenden lästig oder sogar unzumutbar, wenn er bei dieser Suche auf planloses Blättern angewiesen ist, bis er fündig geworden ist oder bis er schließlich zu dem Schluss gelangt, dass das Gesuchte im Buch wohl nicht enthalten ist, dies vielleicht nur irrtümlich, weil er wegen Zeitmangels vorzeitig aufgeben musste. 2. Jedes Buch, in welchem wiederverwertbares Wissen niedergelegt ist und welches nicht ausschließlich der Unterhaltung dient, sollte deswegen ein Register haben. Inhaltsverzeichnisse allein können wegen ihres allzu allgemeinen Charakters keinen ausreichend gut gezielten Zugang zum Wissen des Buches vermitteln. Als Suchender würde man allzu viel Zeit brauchen, um das momentan Interessierende darin aufzufinden. 3. Buchregister werden schon seit Jahrhunderten in unterschiedlichen Varianten angefertigt, in Abhängigkeit von der Eigenart der betreffenden Bücher, von der Verfügbarkeit von Platz und Zeit, und damit auch in Abhängigkeit von dem für das Register verfügbare Geld, abhängig aber auch von Erfahrung und Sachkundigkeit der Indexer und von den verfügbaren technischen Hilfsmitteln. 4. Ein gutes Register macht das im Buch enthaltene Wissen leicht und lückenlos wiederauffindbar und wiederverwertbar. So erlangt ein Buch erst dann seinen vollen Wert, wenn es für das gezielte (Wieder-) Auffinden von darin enthaltenem Wissen in der Weise inhaltlich erschlossen ist, dass man einen gesicherten Zugriff auf das Gesuchte hat. Dies gilt besonders für Lehr- und Anleitungsbücher. Dies ist eine Erfahrung, die schon fast so alt ist wie der Buchdruck selbst (Wellisch 1986, 1994A). 5. Mehr Bücher als jemals zuvor werden heutzutage produziert, aller Konkurrenz durch die elektronischen Medien zum Trotz. An der Notwendigkeit, das Wissen in diesen Büchern zu nutzen, hat sich nichts geändert und auch nichts an der Notwendigkeit, den Inhalt dieser Bücher leicht wiederauffindbar zu machen. Man möchte möglichst vollständig zu denjenigen Stellen im Buch hingeleitet werden, wo der Gegenstand des momentanen Interesses abgehandelt ist, und man möchte hierbei möglichst wenigem Ballast an Hinweisen auf thematisch nichteinschlägige Passagen ausgesetzt sein, denn dem Menschen steht immer nur ein sehr beschränktes Maß an Zeit und Aufmerksamkeit zum Suchen zur Verfügung. Dies sind kostbare Ressourcen, mit denen sorgsam umgegangen werden muss. Es gilt das 4. Gesetz der Bibliothekswissenschaft (Ranganathan 1967): "Save the time of the reader".
-
Hodge, G.M.: Automated support to indexing (1992)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIS 44(1993) no.2, S.119-121 (B.H. Weinberg); International cataloguing and bibliographic control 22(1993) no.2, S.34 (E. Svenonius); Information processing and management 29(1993) no.4, S.528-531 (L.L.Hill)
-
Luhn, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature (1985)
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- Abstract
- In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.
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Klement, S.: Open-system versus closed-system indexing : a vital distinction (2002)
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Armitage, J.E.; Lynch, M.F.: Some structural characteristics of articulated subject indexes (1968)
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- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 4(1968) no.2, S.101-111
