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Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen (2005)
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- Source
- ¬Die Google-Gesellschaft: Vom digitalen Wandel des Wissens. Hrsg.: K. Lehmann, M. Schetsche
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Shaviro, S.: Connected, or what it means to live in the network society (2003)
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- Footnote
- Connected not only poses the "problem of connection," but also seeks, through Shaviro's scattered mode of critical analysis, to pose new ways of intervening in and viewing connections of all sorts. It does not work. Most of the time, Shaviro's efforts to il illuminate the "connections" never rise above a random, technophilic pastiche, lacking any powerful synthesis but often overflowing with the academic version of New Age babble. (It is ironic that Shaviro is concerned with the "problem of connection," because Connected is largely inaccessible to readers who have not read the novels of Samuel Delany, Philip K. Dick, William Gibson, and several other science fiction novelists, or seen the films in The Matrix series.) For example, Shaviro thinks that everything "flows." He writes: In postmodern society, everything flows. There are flows of commodities, flows of expressions, flows of embodiment, and flows of affect. The organizing material of each flow is a universal equivalent: money, information, DNA, or LSD. But how are these flows related among themselves? Strictly speaking, they should interchangeable. All the equivalents should themselves be mutually equivalent. (p. 193) This is, of course, patent nonsense. More to the point, it is one of many passages in Conneeted that has the ring of authority, but little else. In the midst of rising concerns over computer security, personal privacy, and freedom of expression, how much significance should we assign to Shaviro's assertion that the user's relationship to the network is like the junkie's need for heroin, as described by William Burroughs in The Naked Lunch? Or the claim that Microsoft's design for the "Horne of the Future" is part of a middle-class plot to repress itself sexually? Or the recommendation that a novel of the future in which copyright violators are put to death is a harbinger of things to come? In the end, a generous reading might conclude that Connected is an experimental meditation an the relevance of science fiction, whereas a less generous view would be that the author's misguided preoccupation with literary effect resulted in a book that never makes an effective case for the writers we are supposed to take so seriously."
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Weilenmann, A.-K.: Fachspezifische Internetrecherche : für Bibliothekare, Informationsspezialisten und Wissenschaftler (2001)
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Johannsen, J.: InetBib 2004 in Bonn : Tagungsbericht: (2005)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2005 19:05:37
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Lischka, K.: Falsche Fährten (2002)
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Lischka, K.: Archiv statt Deponie : Die US-Congressbibliothek soll das digitale Kulturerbe sichern - das dürfte teuer und schwierig werden (2003)
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Misslbeck, A.: ¬Der Sesam öffnet sich :-) (2003)
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- Content
- "Menschenleer sind die asbestsanierten Gänge der Silberlaube an der Freien Universität Berlin in den Semesterferiem. Doch irgendwo im rechtwinkligen Wirrwarr zwischen Gang K und L steht eine Tür offen. Sie führt zum Büro von Katja Mruck am Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie. Die zarte Frau mit langem und dichtem Haar tritt ihren Gesprächspartnern selten persönlich gegenüber. Mit Forschungspartnern verkehrt sie meist auf elektronischem Weg - das aber umso reger. Katja Mruck ist geschäftsführende Herausgeberin der Online-Zeitschrift Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research / Foro: Investigación Social Cualitativa, kurz FQS. Der Name verweist schon auf die internationale Ausrichtung. "Überall auf der Welt arbeiten Leute an der gleichen Sache", sagt Mruck, "das ist ein Traum, wie Wissenschaft funktionieren kann." Im dreisprachigen OnlineJournal erscheinen regelmäßig wissenschaftliche Texte aus dem Bereich der qualitativen Forschung einer Methode, bei der die Forscher ihre Erkenntnisse unter anderem aus langen, tief gehende Interviews gewinnen statt standardisierte Fragebögen zu verwenden. Jeder kann sie lesen, wenn er des Englischen, Deutschen oder Spanischen mächtig ist und einen Internetzugang besitzt. Psychologen, Soziologenunf Kulturforscher arbeiten oft qualitativ: doch meist befinden sie sich damit am Rand. ihrer Disziplinen. Das war einer der Anstöß für Katja Mruck, eine gemeinsame Plattform einzurichten, um die Forschung voranzutreiben. Wichtiger war ihr aber. der internationale Ansatz, denn in anderen Ländern hat die qualitative Forschung teilweise einen höheren Stellenwert. Wenn ihr wollt, dass die Leute euch weltweit wahrnehmen, dann müsst ihr bei uns schreiben", sagt Mruck mitunter zu ihren Autoren. Durch das Feedback aus aller Welt weiß sie, dass FQS überall gelesen wird. "Weil es uns gibt, kann diese deutschsprachige Literatur nach draußen, und das Wissen von draußen kommt nach Deutschland", sagt Mruck. Nichts geht mehr ohne Qualitätssicherung. Damit das möglichwurde, kommt in FQS das Peer-Review-Verfahren zum Einsatz, bei dem zwei unabhängige externe Gutachter den Text vor der Veröffentlichung beurteilen, ohne den; Autor zu kennen. Um-gekehrt kennt auch der Autor die Gutachter. nicht: Damit wird sichergestellt, dass die Beurteilung ohne Ansehen der Person geschieht. Nur begrenzt betreibt die deutsche Sozialforschung diese aufwändige Qualitätssicherung bei Veröffentlichungen von qualitativen Forschungsergebnissen. Mruck sagt: "Ich glaube, unsere Standards sind höher als die von manchen sozialwissenschaftlichen Printzeitschriften im deutschen Raum." Zusätzlich arbeiten deutsche, englisch- und spanischsprachige Wissenschaftler finit den Autoren an den eingereichten Texten, bevor sie im Internet erscheinen. Dann stehen sie weltweit-nicht nur anderen Wissenschaftlern, sondern auch dem breiten Publikum zur Verfügung. Jeder kann seinen Kommentar dazu abgeben. Auch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), die FQS fördert, hält die Qualitätssicherung für extrem wichtig. Der Leiter der Gruppe Wissenschaftliche Literaturversorgungs- und Informationssysteme der DFG, Jürgen Bunzel, ist der Meinung, "dass das Peer-Review-Verfahren letztendlich die Erfolgsbedingung der Open-Access-Bewegung" ist.
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Bruce, H.: ¬The user's view of the Internet (2002)
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- Footnote
- Chapter 2 (Technology and People) focuses an several theories of technological acceptance and diffusion. Unfortunately, Bruce's presentation is somewhat confusing as he moves from one theory to next, never quite connecting them into a logical sequence or coherent whole. Two theories are of particular interest to Bruce: the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations is an "information-centric view of technology acceptance" in which technology adopters are placed in the information flows of society from which they learn about innovations and "drive innovation adoption decisions" (p. 20). The Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that the "performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control" (i.e., how muck control a person thinks they have) (pp. 22-23). Bruce combines these two theories to form the basis for the Technology Acceptance Model. This model posits that "an individual's acceptance of information technology is based an beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors" (p. 24). In all these theories and models echoes a recurring theme: "individual perceptions of the innovation or technology are critical" in terms of both its characteristics and its use (pp. 24-25). From these, in turn, Bruce derives a predictive theory of the role personal perceptions play in technology adoption: Personal Innovativeness of Information Technology Adoption (PIITA). Personal inventiveness is defined as "the willingness of an individual to try out any new information technology" (p. 26). In general, the PIITA theory predicts that information technology will be adopted by individuals that have a greater exposure to mass media, rely less an the evaluation of information technology by others, exhibit a greater ability to cope with uncertainty and take risks, and requires a less positive perception of an information technology prior to its adoption. Chapter 3 (A Focus an Usings) introduces the User-Centered Paradigm (UCP). The UCP is characteristic of the shift of emphasis from technology to users as the driving force behind technology and research agendas for Internet development [for a dissenting view, see Andrew Dillion's (2003) challenge to the utility of user-centerness for design guidance]. It entails the "broad acceptance of the user-oriented perspective across a range of disciplines and professional fields," such as business, education, cognitive engineering, and information science (p. 34).
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Mossberger, K.; Tolbert, C.J.; Stansbury, M.: Virtual inequality : beyond the digital divide (2003)
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