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  1. Marzano, G.: Introduzione alla teoria degli insiemi fuzzy (1992) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Presents the basic ideas underlying fuzzy set theory, developed by Zadeh in the 1960s, which has important appplications in information retrieval and documentation. A fuzzy information retrieval system is much less restrictive that a Boolean model, since results can be arranged according to degree of similarity. Another application of the theory concerns the use of linguistic quantifiers; this type of solution is well adapted to retrieval systems designed for direct operation by end-users. Illustraes with examples fuzzy set algebra, operation, relationships, logic and reasoning
  2. Dell'Orso, F.: Micro CDS/ISIS : analisi di un information retrieval system per personal computer (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Continuing a previous article on CDS/ISIS Micro functions and procedures, illustrates other aspects by recapitulating the strong and weak points of the system. Defects include lack of user firendliness, the search and cataloguing functions, index management, and import/export. Favourable features are total file definition, the formatting language, alphabetical sorting, commands, and data transfer to/from other software environments. ISIS, developed by UNESCO, is a good product, and although demanding for the user, repays the effort made
  3. Keitz, W. von: Documentazione internazionale con CDS/ISIS : un progetto della University of Library and Information Studies di Stoccarda (1995) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The Stuttgart University of Library and Information Studies has collected interesting data from a questionnaire based study of CDS/ISIS retrieval system application. Replies from 34 worldwide users, all with Internet access, suggest that CDS/ISIS is mostly used with stand-alone PCs, and that there is much interest in the possible use of CDS/ISIS on UNIX platforms. In 19 cases, CDS/ISIS application s relate to library functions, while in the areas of technology, medicine and the environment most databases are CDS/ISIS-structured and designed for local or internal use. The study also provides data on areas such as CDS/ISIS user groups and development programmes
    Footnote
    Übers. des Titels: International documentation with CDS/ISIS: a project by the University of Library and Information Studies of Stuttgart
  4. Tammaro, A.M.: ¬La ricerca ed il recupero dell'informazione (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Looks at how new information search and retrieval technology is creating the so-called desktop library. Current full text retrieval (FTR) systems have extended search operations to the whole content of an electronic document. Research can be not simply Boolean but also by natural language processing (NLP). A matter of concern to librarians is the ability of the latest FTR search angines to construct automatic indexes. In the field of network information discovery and retrieval (NIDR) the 2 most important protocols for librarians are the international SR / Z39.50 standard and http. Describes the differing operations of FTR and NIDR as they affect the end-user
    Footnote
    Übers. des Titels: Information search and retrieval
  5. Kempf, K.: Dalla Germania un esempio avanzato di sistema integrato (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Examines the structure and functions of the Bavarian regional electronic network, the Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (BVB), linking more than 60 academic and sceintific libraries. Utilising the Sokrates automation program, the system promotes close cooperation in technical and management matters, especially in relation to acquisitions, cataloguing, data retrieval and loans. BVB projects include the following: reconversion and digitization of printed catalogues, starting with the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; automation of remote lending operations (within the national DBV-OSI scheme); the Elektra document order and supply service; and an electronic full-text document project
    Footnote
    Übers. des Titels: An example from Germany of a modern integrated system
  6. Bolzoni, D.; Santoro, M.: Percorsi bibliografici (1996) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes a proposed system for helping public library users, in praticular students, in their document searches. The system would directly involve users in compiling cards that indictae the various library sources (encyclopedias, books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) from which they retrieved bibliographic data. These cards would then be used to create a search path catalogue having 2 sections: general research topics; and keywords. Subsequently the librarian would form a database from this information. Such a system would not only benefit other researchers but also help the library to plan acquisition and rationalise its document arrangements. The scheme won 3rd prize in an open competition designated 'La biblioteca desiderata' (The kind of library we want), promoted jointly by the Milan Province Cultural Office and Biblioteche Oggi
  7. Beghtol, C.: ¬L'¬efficacia del recupero (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Proposes a new experimental methodology for evaluating the results of library research from the user's viewpoint. Illustrates the theory by comparing the efficacy of information retrieved from 2 document catalogues, identical except that one is alphabetical and the other numerical/verbal. The methodology utilises the concept of 3 dependent variables: 'promising references retrieved' by the researcher; 'documents read'; and 'documents cited'. Claims that the retrieval effectiveness of the techniques outlined compares favourably with that of W.S. Cooper's methodology
    Footnote
    Retrieval effectiveness
  8. Grimaldi, T.: ¬L'indicizzazione dal punto di vista cognitivo (II) (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In relation to indexing, one of the chief implications of cognitive epistemology is the necessity for redefining knowledge representation concepts for information filing and retrieval purposes. Such a redefinition involves abandoning the traditional, hierarchical, closed-structure classification model. Considers the following in detail: a semiotic critique of classification principles; Ranganathan's classification theory; Ranganathan and cognitive epistemology; and some reflections on the DDC and the Bliss Bibliographic Classification
  9. Baldacci, M.B.: ¬L'¬accesso in rete agli OPAC e il progetto ARCA (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    As a solution for networked information retrieval the ISO has adopted the SR/Z39.50 protocol. Debate however continues, particularly as regards OPAC, on the relatice merits of Z39.50 and the facilities afforded by the WWW, which based on the http protocol. Examines the features of these 2 solutions for OPAC, and also describes the ARCA project, set up in 1995 with finance from the EC Libraries programme to implement the Z39.50 protocol
  10. Grimaldi, T.: ¬L'¬indicizzazione dal punto di vista cognitivo (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Looks at current research into the cognitve aspects of information search and retrieval by library users. Illustrates the theoretical approach to indexing procedures, developed from a cognitive viewpoint, and outlines the basics of cognitive epistemology. Discusses the work of psychologist W. Kintsch and linguist T.A. van Dijk on the mechanics of information acquisition, text comprehension and text production. Analyses the linguistic theory of meaning, and summarises the main criticisms of the cognitive approach, as propounded by B. Frohmann, B.C. Brookes, R.L. Derr and D. Rudd, among others
  11. Santoro, M.; Spinelli, S.: Non solo numeri (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The interfaculty centre of Bologna University began 2 years ago a project to 'translate' UDC codes into a user friendly thesaurus, with the object of creating an accurate, easy to use tool for online researches, especially those relating to periodical titles. The UDC numerical codes have been linked by a method based on synonyms to a series of corresponding verbal indices which express in natural language the concepts expressed by the codes. Thus researchers can retrieve information not only through UDC codes but also through their analogous verbal descriptors. Describes the progress of the UDC project so far, and some problems encountered
    Theme
    Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
  12. Aghemo, A.: Come valutare il servizio di informazione (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Library information service assessment studies can help the reference librarian to form an accurate judgement on the library's structure and organization in terms of: efficiency; effectiveness; and cost/benefit ratio. These 3 assessment criteria can be applied to the following areas: staff; users; user requests; answers provided; library information service potential; and collection and documentation resources. Each of these areas yields further sub-categories for evaluation. Data collection methods depend on the end purpose of the assessment study, but may include the issue of questionnaires to librarians and users, and non invasive observation of user activities. The studies can be unpopular, as they may result in cuts in staff or services
    Date
    6. 4.1996 13:22:31
    Footnote
    Übers. des Titels: How to assess a library information service
  13. Aghemo, A.: Anche l'arte ha sue regole : e possibile anche per il bibliotecario del servizio d'informazione fondare la sua attivita su un 'codice' certo? (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In some areas of librarianship, such as cataloguing and subject classification, there are established rulebooks to guide librarians in their work. Information librarians however have no such aid; their metier is more an art than a profession, since reader queries may concern any aspect of human knowledge. After analysing hundreds of information library reader requests; G. Jahoda and colleagues have sought to formulate self-operating rules for interpreting such queries, utilising the 2 basic elements - what is 'known' and what is 'required' - contained in each request. Lists the categories into which each element breaks down. When presented in matrix form these can indicate the type of reference work to consult to resolve any reader queries
    Date
    6. 4.1996 13:22:31
  14. Nuovo soggettario : guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto, prototipo del thesaurus (2007) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
    The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.
    An entry is structured so as to present all the essential elements of the indexing system. For each term are given: category, facet, related terms, Dewey interdisciplinary class number and, if necessary; definition or scope notes. Sources used are referenced (an appendix in the book lists those used in the current work). Historical notes indicate whenever a change of term has occurred, thus smoothing the transition from the old lists. In chapter 5, the longest one, detailed instructions with practical examples show how to create entries and how to relate terms; upper relationships must always be complete, right up to the top term, whereas hierarchies of related terms not yet fully developed may remain unfinished. Subject string construction consists in a double operation: analysis and synthesis. The former is the analysis of logical functions performed by single concepts in the definition of the subject (e.g., transitive actions, object, agent, etc.) or in syntactic relationships (transitive relationships and belonging relationship), so that each term for those concepts is assigned its role (e.g., key concept, transitive element, agent, instrument, etc.) in the subject string, where the core is distinct from the complementary roles (e.g., place, time, form, etc.). Synthesis is based on a scheme of nuclear and complementary roles, and citation order follows agreed-upon principles of one-to-one relationships and logical dependence. There is no standard citation order based on facets, in a categorial logic, but a flexible one, although thorough. For example, it is possible for a time term (subdivision) to precede an action term, when the former is related to the latter as the object of action: "Arazzi - Sec. 16.-17. - Restauro" [Tapestry - 16th-17th century - Restoration] (p. 126). So, even with more complex subjects, it is possible to produce perfectly readable strings covering the whole of the subject matter without splitting it into two incomplete and complementary headings. To this end, some unusual connectives are adopted, giving the strings a more discursive style.
    Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."
    Theme
    Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
  15. Aghemo, A.: Etica professionale e servizio di informazione (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    An awareness exists among Italian librarians of the need for an established code of ethics for library reference services. Considers the principles that such a code should incorporate; the US Commitment to Information services, for example, affirms users' rights of access to library books and resources, regardless of content and opinions expressed. Censoship is opposed and people are not barred from library use for ethnis, social or religious reasons. An ethical code would require library staff to be impartial, give attention and respect to users, allocate time properly, and avoid prejudice. Discusses the problems of library ethics which arise when user requests relate to sensitive topics e.g. euthansia, cocaine refining
    Date
    6. 4.1996 13:22:31
  16. Atti del sminario di studi sulla CDU. Roma, 22. settembre 1975. A cura di Maria Pia Carosella (1977) 0.00 
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  17. Dumontet, C.: Cataloghi a strisce (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Analyses some problems that arise when cataloguing comic book/strip cartoon publications using the USMARC format, suggesting solutions for each of the 4 main forms in which cartoon titles appear - periodical titles; stories within periodicals and serials; serial titles; and albums - in the context of AACR2 interpretations. For genre cataloguing, terminology from an 'open' system such as the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) is preferable to the LCSH. Suggests ways to overcome USMARC's limitations when cataloguing cartoon characters
  18. Bellei, M.: ¬Un catalogo 'ricco' (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    To enhance descriptions, cataloguers can add 'enriching' words or phrases to titles, or introduce content-enriched access features to aid subject-based research. Additional and natural language subject headings designed to support, though not replace, controlled language headings can result in enhanced indexing. Analytical cataloguing and double indexing are 2 other means by which readers can gian access to additional bibliographic data. Also examines how online research tool effectiveness can be enhanced by a system of automatic links between descriptors
  19. Negrini, G.: Principi filosofici per classificare : una teoria per la scienza (2003) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The article illustrates briefly the principles at the basis of the theory of science and the universal system conceived. Ingetraut Dahlberg occupa un posto di primo piano in Documentazione per le iniziative importanti che ha realizzato e per l'apporto teoretico fornito all'ordinamento conoscenze. Critica sulle possibilità di sviluppo degli attuali sistemi di classificazione universale, fondati per paradigmi storico-filosofici su discipline, Dahlberg introduce una teoria concettuale rivolta all'organizzazione del singolo campo di conoscenza e del sapere universale. L'articolo espone brevemente i principî che sono alla base della teoria e del sistema universale concepito.
  20. Vedaldi, M.; Nordio, T.: Un progetto di recupero automatico del pregresso (1995) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    A scheme for the automated retrieval of old library stock

Authors

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