-
Zhang, J.; An, L.; Tang, T.; Hong, Y.: Visual health subject directory analysis based on users' traversal activities (2009)
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- Abstract
- Concerns about health issues cover a wide spectrum. Consumer health information, which has become more available on the Internet, plays an extremely important role in addressing these concerns. A subject directory as an information organization and browsing mechanism is widely used in consumer health-related Websites. In this study we employed the information visualization technique Self-Organizing Map (SOM) in combination with a new U-matrix algorithm to analyze health subject clusters through a Web transaction log. An experimental study was conducted to test the proposed methods. The findings show that the clusters identified from the same cells based on path-length-1 outperformed both the clusters from the adjacent cells based on path-length-1 and the clusters from the same cells based on path-length-2 in the visual SOM display. The U-matrix method successfully distinguished the irrelevant subjects situated in the adjacent cells with different colors in the SOM display. The findings of this study lead to a better understanding of the health-related subject relationship from the users' traversal perspective.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.10, S.1977-1994
-
Zhang, J.; Zeng, M.L.: ¬A new similarity measure for subject hierarchical structures (2014)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new similarity method to gauge the differences between two subject hierarchical structures. Design/methodology/approach - In the proposed similarity measure, nodes on two hierarchical structures are projected onto a two-dimensional space, respectively, and both structural similarity and subject similarity of nodes are considered in the similarity between the two hierarchical structures. The extent to which the structural similarity impacts on the similarity can be controlled by adjusting a parameter. An experiment was conducted to evaluate soundness of the measure. Eight experts whose research interests were information retrieval and information organization participated in the study. Results from the new measure were compared with results from the experts. Findings - The evaluation shows strong correlations between the results from the new method and the results from the experts. It suggests that the similarity method achieved satisfactory results. Practical implications - Hierarchical structures that are found in subject directories, taxonomies, classification systems, and other classificatory structures play an extremely important role in information organization and information representation. Measuring the similarity between two subject hierarchical structures allows an accurate overarching understanding of the degree to which the two hierarchical structures are similar. Originality/value - Both structural similarity and subject similarity of nodes were considered in the proposed similarity method, and the extent to which the structural similarity impacts on the similarity can be adjusted. In addition, a new evaluation method for a hierarchical structure similarity was presented.
- Date
- 8. 4.2015 16:22:13
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 70(2014) no.3, S.364-391
-
Zhang, L.; Liu, Q.L.; Zhang, J.; Wang, H.F.; Pan, Y.; Yu, Y.: Semplore: an IR approach to scalable hybrid query of Semantic Web data (2007)
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- Abstract
- As an extension to the current Web, Semantic Web will not only contain structured data with machine understandable semantics but also textual information. While structured queries can be used to find information more precisely on the Semantic Web, keyword searches are still needed to help exploit textual information. It thus becomes very important that we can combine precise structured queries with imprecise keyword searches to have a hybrid query capability. In addition, due to the huge volume of information on the Semantic Web, the hybrid query must be processed in a very scalable way. In this paper, we define such a hybrid query capability that combines unary tree-shaped structured queries with keyword searches. We show how existing information retrieval (IR) index structures and functions can be reused to index semantic web data and its textual information, and how the hybrid query is evaluated on the index structure using IR engines in an efficient and scalable manner. We implemented this IR approach in an engine called Semplore. Comprehensive experiments on its performance show that it is a promising approach. It leads us to believe that it may be possible to evolve current web search engines to query and search the Semantic Web. Finally, we briefy describe how Semplore is used for searching Wikipedia and an IBM customer's product information.
- Pages
- S.652-665
- Series
- Lecture notes in computer science; 4825
-
Zhang, J.; Zhai, S.; Stevenson, J.A.; Xia, L.: Optimization of the subject directory in a government agriculture department web portal (2016)
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- Abstract
- We investigated a subject directory in the US Agriculture Department-Economic Research Service portal. Parent-child relationships, related connections among the categories, and related connections among the subcategories in the subject directory were optimized using social network analysis. The optimization results were assessed by both density analysis and edge strength analysis methods. In addition, the results were evaluated by domain experts. From this study, it is recommended that four subcategories be switched from their original four categories into two different categories as a result of the parent-child relationship optimization.?It is also recommended that 132 subcategories be moved to 40 subcategories and that eight categories be moved to two categories as a result of the related connection optimization. The findings show that optimization boosted the densities of the optimized categories, and the recommended connections of both the related categories and subcategories were stronger than the existing connections of the related categories and subcategories. This paper provides visual displays of the optimization analysis as well as suggestions to enhance the subject directory of this portal.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.9, S.2166-2180
-
An, L.; Zhang, J.; Yu, C.: ¬The visual subject analysis of library and information science journals with self-organizing map (2011)
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- Abstract
- Academic journals play an important role in scientific communication. The effective organization of journals can help reveal the thematic contents of journals and thus make them more user-friendly. In this study, the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technique was employed to visually analyze the 60 library and information science-related journals published from 2006 to 2008. The U-matrix by Ultsch (2003) was applied to categorize the journals into 19 clusters according to their subjects. Four journals were recommended to supplement library collections although they were not indexed by SCI/SSCI. A novel SOM display named Attribute Accumulation Matrix (AA-matrix) was proposed, and the results from this method show that they correlate significantly with the total occurrences of the subjects in the investigated journals. The AA-matrix was employed to identify the 86 salient subjects, which could be manually classified into 7 meaningful groups. A method of the Salient Attribute Projection was constructed to label the attribute characteristics of different clusters. Finally, the subject characteristics of the journals with high impact factors (IFs) were also addressed. The findings of this study can lead to a better understanding of the subject structure and characteristics of library/information-related journals.
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 38(2011) no.4, S.299-320
-
Zhang, J.; Dimitroff, A.: ¬The impact of webpage content characteristics on webpage visibility in search engine results : part I (2005)
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- Abstract
- Content characteristics of a webpage include factors such as keyword position in a webpage, keyword duplication, layout, and their combination. These factors may impact webpage visibility in a search engine. Four hypotheses are presented relating to the impact of selected content characteristics on webpage visibility in search engine results lists. Webpage visibility can be improved by increasing the frequency of keywords in the title, in the full-text and in both the title and full-text.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.665-690
-
Zhang, J.; Dimitroff, A.: ¬The impact of metadata implementation on webpage visibility in search engine results : part II (2005)
0.00
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses the impact of metadata implementation in a webpage on its visibility performance in a search engine results list. Influential internal and external factors of metadata implementation were identified. How these factors affect webpage visibility in a search engine results list was examined in an experimental study. Findings suggest that metadata is a good mechanism to improve webpage visibility, the metadata subject field plays a more important role than any other metadata field and keywords extracted from the webpage itself, particularly title or full-text, are most effective. To maximize the effects, these keywords should come from both title and full-text.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.691-716
-
Zhang, J.; Dimitroff, A.: ¬The impact of metadata implementation on webpage visibility in search engine results : part II (2005)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses the impact of metadata implementation in a webpage on its visibility performance in a search engine results list. Influential internal and external factors of metadata implementation were identified. How these factors affect webpage visibility in a search engine results list was examined in an experimental study. Findings suggest that metadata is a good mechanism to improve webpage visibility, the metadata subject field plays a more important role than any other metadata field and keywords extracted from the webpage itself, particularly title or full-text, are most effective. To maximize the effects, these keywords should come from both title and full-text.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.691-715
-
Zhang, J.; Nguyen, T.: WebStar: a visualization model for hyperlink structures (2005)
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- Abstract
- The authors introduce an information visualization model, WebStar, for hyperlink-based information systems. Hyperlinks within a hyperlink-based document can be visualized in a two-dimensional visual space. All links are projected within a display sphere in the visual space. The relationship between a specified central document and its hyperlinked documents is visually presented in the visual space. In addition, users are able to define a group of subjects and to observe relevance between each subject and all hyperlinked documents via movement of that subject around the display sphere center. WebStar allows users to dynamically change an interest center during navigation. A retrieval mechanism is developed to control retrieved results in the visual space. Impact of movement of a subject on the visual document distribution is analyzed. An ambiguity problem caused by projection is discussed. Potential applications of this visualization model in information retrieval are included. Future research directions on the topic are addressed.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.4, S.1003-1018
-
Geng, Q.; Townley, C.; Huang, K.; Zhang, J.: Comparative knowledge management : a pilot study of Chinese and American universities (2005)
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- Abstract
- Comparative study of knowledge management (KM) promises to lead to more effective knowledge use in all cultural environments. This pilot study compares KM priorities, needs, tools, and administrative structure components in large Chinese and American universities. General KM theory and literature related to KM in higher education are analyzed to develop the four components of the study. Comparative differences in KM practice at large Chinese and American universities are analyzed for each component. A correlation matrix reveals statistically significant co-variation among all but one of the study components. Four conclusions related to comparative KM and suggestions for future research are presented.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.10, S.1031-1044
-
Gao, J.; Zhang, J.: Clustered SVD strategies in latent semantic indexing (2005)
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- Abstract
- The text retrieval method using latent semantic indexing (LSI) technique with truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) has been intensively studied in recent years. The SVD reduces the noise contained in the original representation of the term-document matrix and improves the information retrieval accuracy. Recent studies indicate that SVD is mostly useful for small homogeneous data collections. For large inhomogeneous datasets, the performance of the SVD based text retrieval technique may deteriorate. We propose to partition a large inhomogeneous dataset into several smaller ones with clustered structure, on which we apply the truncated SVD. Our experimental results show that the clustered SVD strategies may enhance the retrieval accuracy and reduce the computing and storage costs.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.5, S.1051-1064
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Li, D.; Tang, J.; Ding, Y.; Shuai, X.; Chambers, T.; Sun, G.; Luo, Z.; Zhang, J.: Topic-level opinion influence model (TOIM) : an investigation using tencent microblogging (2015)
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- Abstract
- Text mining has been widely used in multiple types of user-generated data to infer user opinion, but its application to microblogging is difficult because text messages are short and noisy, providing limited information about user opinion. Given that microblogging users communicate with each other to form a social network, we hypothesize that user opinion is influenced by its neighbors in the network. In this paper, we infer user opinion on a topic by combining two factors: the user's historical opinion about relevant topics and opinion influence from his/her neighbors. We thus build a topic-level opinion influence model (TOIM) by integrating both topic factor and opinion influence factor into a unified probabilistic model. We evaluate our model in one of the largest microblogging sites in China, Tencent Weibo, and the experiments show that TOIM outperforms baseline methods in opinion inference accuracy. Moreover, incorporating indirect influence further improves inference recall and f1-measure. Finally, we demonstrate some useful applications of TOIM in analyzing users' behaviors in Tencent Weibo.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.12, S.2657-2673
-
Zhuge, H.; Zhang, J.: Topological centrality and its e-Science applications (2010)
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- Abstract
- Network structure analysis plays an important role in characterizing complex systems. Different from previous network centrality measures, this article proposes the topological centrality measure reflecting the topological positions of nodes and edges as well as influence between nodes and edges in general network. Experiments on different networks show distinguished features of the topological centrality by comparing with the degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, information centrality, and PageRank. The topological centrality measure is then applied to discover communities and to construct the backbone network. Its characteristics and significance is further shown in e-Science applications.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.9, S.1824-1841
-
Zhang, J.; Korfhage, R.R.: DARE: Distance and Angle Retrieval Environment : A tale of the two measures (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article presents a visualization tool for information retrieval. Some retrieval evaluation models are interpreted in the two-dimensional space comprising direction and distance. The two different similarity measures-angle and distance-are displayed in the visual space. A new retrieval means based on the visual retrieval tool, the controlling bar, is developed for a search
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.9, S.779-787
-
Zhang, J.: Archival context, digital content, and the ethics of digital archival representation : the ethics of identification in digital library metadata (2012)
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- Abstract
- The findings of a recent study on digital archival representation raise some ethical concerns about how digital archival materials are organized, described, and made available for use on the Web. Archivists have a fundamental obligation to preserve and protect the authenticity and integrity of records in their holdings and, at the same time, have the responsibility to promote the use of records as a fundamental purpose of the keeping of archives (SAA 2005 Code of Ethics for Archivists V & VI). Is it an ethical practice that digital content in digital archives is deeply embedded in its contextual structure and generally underrepresented in digital archival systems? Similarly, is it ethical for archivists to detach digital items from their archival context in order to make them more "digital friendly" and more accessible to meet needs of some users? Do archivists have an obligation to bring the two representation systems together so that the context and content of digital archives can be better represented and archival materials "can be located and used by anyone, for any purpose, while still remaining authentic evidence of the work and life of the creator"? (Millar 2010, 157) This paper discusses the findings of the study and their ethical implications relating to digital archival description and representation.
- Content
- Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_d.pdf.
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 39(2012) no.5, S.332-339
-
Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬The influence of indexing practices and weighting algorithms on document spaces (2008)
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- Abstract
- Index modeling and computer simulation techniques are used to examine the influence of indexing frequency distributions, indexing exhaustivity distributions, and three weighting methods on hypothetical document spaces in a vector-based information retrieval (IR) system. The way documents are indexed plays an important role in retrieval. The authors demonstrate the influence of different indexing characteristics on document space density (DSD) changes and document space discriminative capacity for IR. Document environments that contain a relatively higher percentage of infrequently occurring terms provide lower density outcomes than do environments where a higher percentage of frequently occurring terms exists. Different indexing exhaustivity levels, however, have little influence on the document space densities. A weighting algorithm that favors higher weights for infrequently occurring terms results in the lowest overall document space densities, which allows documents to be more readily differentiated from one another. This in turn can positively influence IR. The authors also discuss the influence on outcomes using two methods of normalization of term weights (i.e., means and ranges) for the different weighting methods.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.1, S.3-11
-
Chen, C.; Ibekwe-SanJuan, F.; Pinho, R.; Zhang, J.: ¬The impact of the sloan digital sky survey on astronomical research : the role of culture, identity, and international collaboration (2008)
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- Content
- We investigate the influence of culture and identity (geographic location) on the constitution of a specific research field. Using as case study the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) project in the Astronomy field, we analyzed texts from bibliographic records of publications along three cultural and geographic axes: US only publications, non-US publications and international collaboration. Using three text mining systems (CiteSpace, TermWatch and PEx), we were able to automatically identify the topics specific to each cultural and geographic region as well as isolate the core research topics common to all geographic zones. The results tended to show that US-only and non-US research in this field shared more commonalities with international collaboration than with one another, thus indicating that the former two (US-only and non-US) research focused on rather distinct topics.
- Pages
- S.307-312
- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.11
- Source
- Culture and identity in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Tenth International ISKO Conference 5-8 August 2008, Montreal, Canada. Ed. by Clément Arsenault and Joseph T. Tennis
-
Zhang, J.; Yu, Q.; Zheng, F.; Long, C.; Lu, Z.; Duan, Z.: Comparing keywords plus of WOS and author keywords : a case study of patient adherence research (2016)
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- Abstract
- Bibliometric analysis based on literature in the Web of Science (WOS) has become an increasingly popular method for visualizing the structure of scientific fields. Keywords Plus and Author Keywords are commonly selected as units of analysis, despite the limited research evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of Keywords Plus. This study was conceived to evaluate the efficacy of Keywords Plus as a parameter for capturing the content and scientific concepts presented in articles. Using scientific papers about patient adherence that were retrieved from WOS, a comparative assessment of Keywords Plus and Author Keywords was performed at the scientific field level and the document level, respectively. Our search yielded more Keywords Plus terms than Author Keywords, and the Keywords Plus terms were more broadly descriptive. Keywords Plus is as effective as Author Keywords in terms of bibliometric analysis investigating the knowledge structure of scientific fields, but it is less comprehensive in representing an article's content.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.4, S.967-972
-
Zhang, J.; Zhai, S.; Liu, H.; Stevenson, J.A.: Social network analysis on a topic-based navigation guidance system in a public health portal (2016)
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- Abstract
- We investigated a topic-based navigation guidance system in the World Health Organization portal, compared the link connection network and the semantic connection network derived from the guidance system, analyzed the characteristics of the 2 networks from the perspective of the node centrality (in_closeness, out_closeness, betweenness, in_degree, and out_degree), and provided the suggestions to optimize and enhance the topic-based navigation guidance system. A mixed research method that combines the social network analysis method, clustering analysis method, and inferential analysis methods was used. The clustering analysis results of the link connection network were quite different from those of the semantic connection network. There were significant differences between the link connection network and the semantic network in terms of density and centrality. Inferential analysis results show that there were no strong correlations between the centrality of a node and its topic information characteristics. Suggestions for enhancing the navigation guidance system are discussed in detail. Future research directions, such as application of the same research method presented in this study to other similar public health portals, are also included.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.5, S.1068-1088
-
Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.: Visualization of term discrimination analysis (2001)
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- Abstract
- Zang and Wolfram compute the discrimination value for terms as the difference between the centroid value of all terms in the corpus and that value without the term in question, and suggest selection be made by comparing density changes with a visualization tool. The Distance Angle Retrieval Environment (DARE) visually projects a document or term space by presenting distance similarity on the X axis and angular similarity on the Y axis. Thus a document icon appearing close to the X axis would be relevant to reference points in terms of a distance similarity measure, while those close to the Y axis are relevant to reference points in terms of an angle based measure. Using 450 Associated Press news reports indexed by 44 distinct terms, the removal of the term ``Yeltsin'' causes the cluster to fall on the Y axis indicating a good discriminator. For an angular measure, cosine say, movement along the X axis to the left will signal good discrimination, as movement to the right will signal poor discrimination. A term density space could also be used. Most terms are shown to be indifferent discriminators. Different measures result in different choices as good and poor discriminators, as does the use of a term space rather than a document space. The visualization approach is clearly feasible, and provides some additional insights not found in the computation of a discrimination value.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.8, S.615-627
