-
Brenner, E.H.; Saracevic, T.: Indexing and searching in perspective (1985)
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- LCSH
- Information retrieval
Online bibliographic searching
- Subject
- Information retrieval
Online bibliographic searching
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Search term selection during mediated online searching (1993)
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- Abstract
- Reports selected results from a large study, conducted at Rutgers University, NJ, which observed, under real life conditions the interactions between users, intermediaries and information retrieval systems before and during online searching. Examines the stages of the search process at which search terms from different sources were selected and how the search terms selected at different stages of the search process contributed to the retrieval of relevant items as judged by users. Notes the sequences in which terms were selected and analyzes the sequences to determine the types and frequencies of changes that occur in such sequences. Results indicate that there are regular patterns in search term selection during the online search process. Discusses the implications of these findings
- Source
- Proceedings of the 14th National Online Meeting 1993, New York, 4-6 May 1993. Ed.: M.E. Williams
-
Saracevic, T.: On a method for studying the structure and nature of requests in information retrieval (1983)
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- Pages
- S.22-25
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Where do the search terms come from? (1992)
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- Abstract
- Presents selected results from a large study which observed under real-life conditions the interaction between users, intermediaries and computers before and during online searching. Concentrates on the sources of search terms and the relation between given search terms and retrieval of relevant and nonrelevant items as answers. Users provided the largest proportion of search terms (61%), followed by the thesuaurs (19%), relevance feedback (11%), and intermediary (9%). Only 4% of search terms resulted in retrieval of relevant items only; 60% retrieved relevant and nonrelevant items; 25% retrieved nonrelevant items only; and 11% retrieved nothing.
- Source
- 13th National Online Meeting. Ed.: M.E. Williams
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Sources and use of search terms in online searching (1992)
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- Abstract
- Reports selected results from a larger study whose objectives are to observe, under real life conditions, the nature and patterns of interaction between users, intermediaries, and computer sysrtems in the context of online information searching and retrieval. Reports various analyses on the relation of search term sources and the retrieval of items judges as to their relevance. While the users generated the largest proportion of search terms (61%) which were responsible for 68% of retrieved items judges relevant, other sources in the interaction process played an important role
-
Saracevic, T.: Indexing, searching, and relevance (1989)
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- Footnote
- "As noted by many critics, the present design of online subject access, be it through library catalogs or online retrieval systems, does not accomodate human variability in searching (or indexing). This calls for radically different design principles and inplementations ir order to accomodate the observed patterns, interactions,and differences in human information behavior, of which the overlap findings are one of the important manifestations" (S.107)
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Dynamics of search term selection during mediated online searching (1993)
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- Abstract
- One in a series of studies on the selection of search terms during an online search involving users and intermediaries in real online interactive situations. Considers: during what stage of the search process were search terms from different sources selected?; how were the search terms selected at different stages of the search process connected with retrieval of relevant answers as judges by users?; and in what sequences were the search terms selected, in respect to their sources. Sequences of selected search terms were analyzed to describe the types and frequencies of changes that occur in such sequences. Results indicate that search term selection follows regular patterns in the dynamics of the search process. Discusses implications of findings
-
Saracevic, T.: Modelling interaction in information retrieval (IR) : a review and proposal (1996)
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- Abstract
- Examines traditional and interactive models in information retrieval, and proposes an interactive information retrieval model based on different levels in the interactive process. Proposes a stratified interactive information retrieval model which has potential to account for a variety of aspects in the processes involved. In this model information retrieval interaction is decomposed into several levels that subtly affect each other. Makes general remarks on the state of information retrieval interaction research
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Human-computer interaction in information retrieval : nature and manifestations of feedback (1998)
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- Abstract
- Develops a theoretical framework for expressing the nature of feedback as a critical process in interactive information retrieval. Feedback concepts from cybernetics and social sciences perspectives are used to develop a concept of information feedback applicable to information retrieval. Adapts models from human-computer interaction and interactive information retrieval as a framework for studying the manifestations of feedback in information retrieval. Presents results from an empirical study of real-life interactions between users, professional mediators and an information retrieval system computer. Presents data involving 885 feedback loops classified in 5 categories. Presents a connection between the theoretical framework and empirical observations and provides a number of pragmatic and research suggestions
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special section of articles related to human-computer interaction and information retrieval
-
Saracevic, T.; Kantor, P.: Online searching : still an imprecise art (1991)
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- Abstract
- Summarises the results of a research project which investigated the human decision making and user-system interactions which take place during online searching. Searches were carried out by professional searchers using DIALOG databases, and rated for relevance, precision and recall
-
Saracevic, T.: Information retrieval (1985)
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-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Interaction in information retrieval : selection and effectiveness of search terms (1997)
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- Abstract
- We investigated the sources and effectiveness of search terms used during mediated on-line searching under real-life (as opposed to laboratory) circumstances. A stratified model of information retrieval (IR) interaction served as a framework for the analysis. For the analysis, we used the on-line transaction logs, videotapes, and transcribed dialogue of the presearch and on-line interaction between 40 users and 4 professional intermediaries. Each user provided one question and interacted with one of the four intermediaries. Searching was done using DIALOG. Five sources of search terms were identified: (1) the users' written question statements, (2) terms derived from users' domain knowledge during the interaction, (3) terms extracted from retrieved items as relevance feedback, (4) database thesaurus, and (5) terms derived by intermediaries during the interaction. Distribution, retrieval effectiveness, transition sequences, and correlation of search terms from different sources were investigated. Search terms from users' written question statements and term relevance feedback were the most productive sources of terms contributing to the retrieval of items judged relevant by users. Implications of the findings are discussed
-
Belkin, N.J.; Chang, S.J.; Downs, T.; Saracevic, T.; Zhao, S.: Taking account of user tasks, goals and behavior for the design of online public access catalogs (1990)
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Saracevic, T.: ¬A research project on classification of questions in information retrieval : preliminary work (1980)
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-
Saracevic, T.: Effects of inconsistent relevance judgments on information retrieval test results : a historical perspective (2008)
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- Abstract
- The main objective of information retrieval (IR) systems is to retrieve information or information objects relevant to user requests and possible needs. In IR tests, retrieval effectiveness is established by comparing IR systems retrievals (systems relevance) with users' or user surrogates' assessments (user relevance), where user relevance is treated as the gold standard for performance evaluation. Relevance is a human notion, and establishing relevance by humans is fraught with a number of problems-inconsistency in judgment being one of them. The aim of this critical review is to explore the relationship between relevance on the one hand and testing of IR systems and procedures on the other. Critics of IR tests raised the issue of validity of the IR tests because they were based on relevance judgments that are inconsistent. This review traces and synthesizes experimental studies dealing with (1) inconsistency of relevance judgments by people, (2) effects of such inconsistency on results of IR tests and (3) reasons for retrieval failures. A historical context for these studies and for IR testing is provided including an assessment of Lancaster's (1969) evaluation of MEDLARS and its unique place in the history of IR evaluation.
-
Saracevic, T.; Mokros, H.; Su, L.: Nature of interaction between users and intermediaries in online searching : a qualitative analysis (1990)
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- Abstract
- Reports preliminary results from a study, conducted at Rutgers Univ., School of Communication, Information and Library Studies, to conduct observations and experiments under real-life conditions on the nature, effects and patterns in the discourse between users and intermediary searchers and in the related computer commands in the context of online searching and responses. The study involved videotaping interactions between users and intermediaries and recording the search logs for 40 questions. Users judged the relevance of output and completed a number of other measures. Data is analysed both quantitatively, using standard and innovative statistical techniques, and qualitatively, through a grounded theory approach using microanalytic and observational methods
-
Saracevic, T.; Kantor, P.; Chamis, A.Y.: ¬A study of information seeking and retrieving : pt.1: Background and methodology (1988)
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- Abstract
- The objectives of the study were to conduct a series of observations and experiments under as real-life a situation as possible related to: (i) user context of questions in information retrieval; (ii) the structure and classification of questions; (iii) cognitive traits and decision making of searchers; and (iv) different searches of the same question. The study is presented in three parts: part 1 presents the background of the study and describes the models, measures, methods, procedures and statistical analyses used. Pt.2 is devoted to results related to users, questions, and effectiveness measures, and pt.3 to results related to searchers, searches, and overlap studies. A concluding summary of all results is presented in pt.3
- Footnote
- Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. Sam Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.175-190.
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Saracevic, T.: Individual differences in organizing, searching and retrieving information (1991)
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- Abstract
- Synthesises the major findings of several decades of research into the magnitude of individual deffirences in information retrieval related tasks and suggests implications for practice and design. The study is related to a series of studies of human aspects and cognitive decision making in information seeking, searching and retrieving
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Mokros, H.B.; Mullins, L.S.; Saracevic, T.: Practice and personhood in professional interaction : social identities and information needs (1995)
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- Abstract
- Information seeking and provision does not occur in a vacuum, but is shaped and affected by the way that individuals convey regard for themselves and for each other. Reports 2 studies that explore the intersection between professional and personal or relational dimensions of intermediary practice during the research phase of a set of online computer search interactions that aim to address user information queries. The 1st study examines and compares, through an interpretative microanalytic approach, explicit and implicit situation defining assumptions contained in the initial talk, or opening moves, of 4 intermediaries in interaction with 2 users each. The 2nd study seeks to verify, quantitatively, interpretative claims developed in the 1st study through an analysis of intermediaries' use of pronouns in the course of their interactions with users. The specific patterns of results gained through this quantitiative study were consistent with those achieved interpretatively in the 1st study. The results of these studies are discussed within a proposed theoretic framework developed from the perspective of a constitutive theory of communication
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Bellardo, T.; Saracevic, T.: Online searching and search output : relationships between overlap, relevance, recall and precision (1987)
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