-
Theories of information behavior (2005)
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- Footnote
- Im Gegensatz zur früher üblichen Praxis, Informationsverhalten auf die Aktivitäten der Informationssuche zu beschränken, folgt man heute Tom Wilsons Definition, wonach es sich dabei um "the totality of human behaviour in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive information-seeking, and information use" handelt, bzw. jener von Karen Pettigrew [nunmehr Fisher] et al., "how people need, seek, give and use information in different contexts". Im Laufe der letzten Jahre, ja schon Jahrzehnte, hat sich dazu ein fast nicht mehr überschaubarer Bestand an Literatur angesammelt, der sich sowohl aus theoretischen bzw. theoretisierenden, als auch aus auch praktischen bzw. empirischen Arbeiten zusammensetzt. Einige wenige dieser theoretischen Ansätze haben weite Verbreitung gefunden, werden in Studiengängen der Informationswissenschaft gelehrt und tauchen in der laufend veröffentlichten Literatur immer wieder als Basis für empirische Untersuchungen oder modifizierende Weiterentwicklungen auf. Das Buch beginnt mit drei Grundsatzartikeln, die von herausragenden Vertretern des gegenständlichen Themenbereichs verfasst wurden. Im ersten und längsten dieser Beiträge, An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories and Models (S. 1-24), gibt Marcia J. Bates (Los Angeles, CA), zunächst eine wissenschaftstheoretische Einführung zu den drei im Titel genannten Begriffen, nicht ohne darauf hinzuweisen, dass der Großteil der theoretisierenden Ansätze in unserer Disziplin erst dem Modellstadium angehört. Am Beispiel des Principle of Least Effort zeigt sie, dass selbst für diesen am besten abgesicherten Befund der Forschung zum Informationsverhalten, keine ausreichende theoretische Begründung existiert. In der Folge versucht Bates, die in der Informationswissenschaft gängigen Metatheorien zu identifizieren und gelangt dabei zu der folgenden Kategorisierung, die auch als Bezugsrahmen für die Einordnung der zahlreichen in diesem Buch dargestellten Modelle dienen kann:
1. historisch (die Gegenwart aus der Vergangheit heraus verstehen) 2. konstruktivistisch (Individuen konstruieren unter dem Einfluss ihres sozialen Kontexts das Verständnis ihrer Welten) 3. diskursanalytisch (Sprache konstituiert die Konstruktion der Identität und die Ausbildung von Bedeutungen) 4. philosophisch-analytisch (rigorose Analyse von Begriffen und Thesen) 5. kritische Theorie (Analyse versteckter Macht- und Herrschaftsmuster) 6. ethnographisch (Verständnis von Menschen durch Hineinversetzen in deren Kulturen) 7. sozialkognitiv (sowohl das Denken des Individuums als auch dessen sozialer bzw. fachlicher Umraum beeinflussen die Informationsnutzung) 8. kognitiv (Fokus auf das Denken der Individuen im Zusammenhang mit Suche, Auffindung und Nutzung von Information) 9. bibliometrisch (statistische Eigenschaften von Information) 10. physikalisch (Signalübertragung, Informationstheorie) 11. technisch (Informationsbedürfnisse durch immer bessere Systeme und Dienste erfüllen) 12. benutzerorientierte Gestaltung ("usability", Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion) 13. evolutionär (Anwendung von Ergebnissen von Biologie und Evolutionspsychologie auf informationsbezogene Phänomene). Bates Beitrag ist, wie stets, wohldurchdacht, didaktisch gut aufbereitet und in klarer Sprache abgefasst, sodass man ihn mit Freude und Gewinn liest. Zu letzterem trägt auch noch die umfangreiche Liste von Literaturangaben bei, mit der sich insbesondere die 13 genannten Metatheorien optimal weiterverfolgen lassen. . . .
-
Montesi, M.; Owen, J.M.: Research journal articles as document genres : exploring their role in knowledge organization (2008)
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- Field
- Biologie
-
International yearbook of library and information management : 2001/2002 information services in an electronic environment (2001)
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- Date
- 25. 3.2003 13:22:23
-
Yoo, E.-Y.; Robbins, L.S.: Understanding middle-aged women's health information seeking on the web : a theoretical approach (2008)
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- Date
- 9. 2.2008 17:52:22
-
Kuhlthau, C.C.: Seeking meaning : a process approach to library and information services (2003)
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- Date
- 25.11.2005 18:58:22
-
Pennanen, M.; Vakkari, P.: Students' conceptual structure, search process, and outcome while preparing a research proposal : a longitudinal case study (2003)
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- Abstract
- This article focuses an analysing students' information needs in terms of conceptual understanding of the topic they propose to study and its consequences for the search process and outcome. The research subjects were 22 undergraduates of psychology attending a seminar for preparing a research proposal for a small empirical study. They were asked to make searches in the PsycINFO database for their task in the beginning and end of the seminar. A pre- and postsearch interview was conducted in both sessions. The students were asked to think aloud in the sessions. This was recorded, as were the transaction logs. The results show that during the preparation of research proposals different features of the students' conceptual structure were connected to the search success. Students' ability to cover their conceptual construct by query terms was the major feature affecting search success during the whole process. In the beginning also the number of concepts and the proportion of subconcepts in the construct contributed indirectly via search tactics to retrieving partly useful references. Students' ability to extract new query terms from retrieved items improved search results.
- Date
- 19. 6.2003 17:22:33
-
Limberg, L.; Alexandersson, M.: Learning and information seeking (2009)
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- Date
- 27. 8.2011 14:22:22
-
Moyo, L.M.: PSU Gateway Library : electronic library in transition (2004)
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- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.2, S.217-226
-
Brabazon, T.: ¬The Google effect : Googling, Blogging, Wikis and the flattening of expertise (2006)
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- Date
- 16. 3.2019 16:22:08
-
Lin, S.-j.; Belkin, N.: Validation of a model of information seeking over multiple search sessions (2005)
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- Date
- 10. 4.2005 14:52:22
-
Koopmans, N.I.: What's your question? : The need for research information from the perspective of different user groups (2002)
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- Date
- 2. 7.2005 12:22:50
-
Lamb, R.; King, J.L.; Kling, R.: Informational environments : organizational contexts of online information use (2003)
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- Date
- 5. 7.2006 18:43:22
-
Atkinson, R.: ¬A rationale for the redesign of scholarly information exchange (2000)
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- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Jamali, H.R.; Rowlands, I.; Fieldhouse, M.: Student digital information-seeking behaviour in context (2009)
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- Date
- 23. 2.2009 17:22:41
-
Kim, J.: Describing and predicting information-seeking behavior on the Web (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:54:15
-
Salvesen, G.: Is the library able to find the answer? (2005)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2009 10:54:45
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Wilson, T.: ¬The information user : past, present and future (2009)
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- Date
- 8. 7.2010 19:09:22
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Günther, S.: Aufbruch in den virtuellen Raum : Anleitung zum Aufbau eines Web Contact Centers (2005)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2005 20:50:31
-
Hemmig, W.S.: ¬The information-seeking behavior of visual artists : a literature review (2008)
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- Date
- 7. 6.2008 12:22:23
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Lee, C.P.; Trace, C.B.: ¬The role of information in a community of hobbyist collectors (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:01:49
