Search (226 results, page 2 of 12)

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Abstract

Multilingual controlled vocabularies are rare and often very limited in the choice of languages offered. TIIARA (Taxonomy for Image Indexing and RetrievAl) is a bilingual taxonomy developed for image indexing and retrieval. This controlled vocabulary offers indexers and image searchers innovative and coherent access points for ordinary images. The preliminary steps of the elaboration of the bilingual structure are presented. For its initial development, TIIARA included only two languages, French and English. As a logical follow-up, TIIARA was translated into eight languages-Arabic, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Mandarin Chinese, Italian, German, Hindi and Russian-in order to increase its international scope. This paper briefly describes the different stages of the development of the bilingual structure. The processes used in the translations are subsequently presented, as well as the main difficulties encountered by the translators. Adding more languages in TIIARA constitutes an added value for a controlled vocabulary meant to be used by image searchers, who are often limited by their lack of knowledge of multiple languages.

Source

Knowledge organization. 43(2016) no.1, S.22-34

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Abstract

The Web has become a large repository of documents (or pages) written in many different languages. In this context, traditional information retrieval (IR) techniques cannot be used whenever the user query and the documents being retrieved are in different languages. To address this problem, new cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques have been proposed. In this work, we describe a method for cross-language retrieval of medical information. This method combines query terms and related medical concepts obtained automatically through a categorization procedure. The medical concepts are used to create a linguistic abstraction that allows retrieval of information in a language-independent way, minimizing linguistic problems such as polysemy. To evaluate our method, we carried out experiments using the OHSUMED test collection, whose documents are written in English, with queries expressed in Portuguese, Spanish, and French. The results indicate that our cross-language retrieval method is as effective as a standard vector space model algorithm operating on queries and documents in the same language. Further, our results are better than previous results in the literature.

Date

22. 7.2006 16:46:36

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.4, S.501-510

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Abstract

This poster explores the customization of DSpace to allow the use of the AGRIS Application Profile metadata standard and the AGROVOC thesaurus. The objective is the adaptation of DSpace, through the least invasive code changes either in the form of plug-ins or add-ons, to the specific needs of the Agricultural Sciences and Technology community. Metadata standards such as AGRIS AP, and Knowledge Organization Systems such as the AGROVOC thesaurus, provide mechanisms for sharing information in a standardized manner by recommending the use of common semantics and interoperable syntax (Subirats et al., 2007). AGRIS AP was created to enhance the description, exchange and subsequent retrieval of agricultural Document-like Information Objects (DLIOs). It is a metadata schema which draws from Metadata standards such as Dublin Core (DC), the Australian Government Locator Service Metadata (AGLS) and the Agricultural Metadata Element Set (AgMES) namespaces. It allows sharing of information across dispersed bibliographic systems (FAO, 2005). AGROVOC68 is a multilingual structured thesaurus covering agricultural and related domains. Its main role is to standardize the indexing process in order to make searching simpler and more efficient. AGROVOC is developed by FAO (Lauser et al., 2006). The customization of the DSpace is taking place in several phases. First, the AGRIS AP metadata schema was mapped onto the metadata DSpace model, with several enhancements implemented to support AGRIS AP elements. Next, AGROVOC will be integrated as a controlled vocabulary accessed through a local SKOS or OWL file. Eventually the system will be configurable to access AGROVOC through local files or remotely via webservices. Finally, spell checking and tooltips will be incorporated in the user interface to support metadata editing. Adapting DSpace to support AGRIS AP and annotation using the semantically-rich AGROVOC thesaurus transform DSpace into a powerful, domain-specific system for annotation and exchange of bibliographic metadata in the agricultural domain.

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Date

1. 2.2016 18:25:22

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Source

Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

Purpose - This study aims to focus on the evaluation of systems for the automatic translation of questions destined to translingual question-answer (QA) systems. The efficacy of online translators when performing as tools in QA systems is analysed using a collection of documents in the Spanish language. Design/methodology/approach - Automatic translation is evaluated in terms of the functionality of actual translations produced by three online translators (Google Translator, Promt Translator, and Worldlingo) by means of objective and subjective evaluation measures, and the typology of errors produced was identified. For this purpose, a comparative study of the quality of the translation of factual questions of the CLEF collection of queries was carried out, from German and French to Spanish. Findings - It was observed that the rates of error for the three systems evaluated here are greater in the translations pertaining to the language pair German-Spanish . Promt was identified as the most reliable translator of the three (on average) for the two linguistic combinations evaluated. However, for the Spanish-German pair, a good assessment of the Google online translator was obtained as well. Most errors (46.38 percent) tended to be of a lexical nature, followed by those due to a poor translation of the interrogative particle of the query (31.16 percent). Originality/value - The evaluation methodology applied focuses above all on the finality of the translation. That is, does the resulting question serve as effective input into a translingual QA system? Thus, instead of searching for "perfection", the functionality of the question and its capacity to lead one to an adequate response are appraised. The results obtained contribute to the development of improved translingual QA systems.

Source

Journal of documentation. 66(2010) no.3, S.434-455

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Abstract

Presents a preliminary assessment of the extent and characteristics of the translations of monographs as a form of information transfer and communication between language blocs. The study was based on statistical data provided by Unesco.

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Abstract

In previous research, participants who screen a videotape of stock footage from the National Film Board of Canada's stockshot collection were asked to assign terms in English that could be used for retrieval of each shot. The most popular terms were analyzed as potential indexing terms. In the current research a French language version of the research tapes was prepared, using the same images, and the data collected were in French. Compares the most popular terms identified in each of the 2 studies for each of the shots in order to determine the rate of correspondence between potential indexing terms in each language

Source

Global complexity: information, chaos and control. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, ASIS'96, Baltimore, Maryland, 21-24 Oct 1996. Ed.: S. Hardin

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Abstract

The goals of the CLEF (Cross-Language Evaluation Forum) series of evaluation campaigns for information retrieval systems operating on European languages are described. The difficulties of organizing an activity which aims at an objective evaluation of systems running on and over a number' of different languages are examined. The discussion includes an analysis of the first results and proposals for possible developments in the future.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.12, S.1067-1072

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Abstract

Before speaking about authority control in a multilingual environment, it is necessary to describe briefly the context in which this control is carried out. The electronic catalogue of the Russian State Library (RSL) contains more than 3 million records. Cataloguing with the use of the Aleph software and ??RC 21 has been carried out for this database since 2003. Other bibliographic records included in the electronic catalogue are received as a result of converting (1) bibliographic records from card catalogues, and (2) the bibliographic records created by RSL and other organizations with the use of other software and other formats. Up to 2003 the electronic catalogue included only records in Russian and in European languages. In 2003 we started cataloguing books and serials in the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and former union republics of the USSR. This year we are preparing for the description of documents in oriental languages. This "motley world" demands ordering and normalization of access points. Until 2003, two authority files were maintained in the RSL: the foreign and international organizations file and a file of "authors of special categories." Authority records were created in a format based on USMARC. In 2003 the authority control group was reorganized and its function widened. Now we are supposed to carry out the authority control of headings (controlled access points) in new bibliographic records by formation of authority records for these categories: - Names of persons, creators or objects of the work translated to Russian from other languages when in the document there is an original form of the name - Names of persons in which the forms of the names on the document differ from the form established for the system of catalogues at RSL - Such names of persons, as "authors of special categories" - Names of corporate bodies, Russian, foreign or international (creators or objects of the work), occurring in the system for the first time - Names of the corporate bodies, Russian, foreign or international reflected in authority records (machine-readable and traditional) if the form of the name on the document differs from the form established for the system of catalogues at RSL - The uniform titles of the Bible and its parts, anonymous classical works

Footnote

Vortrag, World Library and Information Congress: 71th IFLA General Conference and Council "Libraries - A voyage of discovery", August 14th - 18th 2005, Oslo, Norway.

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Source

Compatibility and integration of order systems: Research Seminar Proceedings of the TIP/ISKO Meeting, Warsaw, 13-15 September 1995

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Abstract

Since several years it has been observed that information offered by different knowledge producing institutions on the internet is more and more interlinked. This tendency will increase, because the fragmented information offers on the internet make the retrieval of information difficult as even impossible. At the same time the quantity of information offered on the internet grows exponentially in Europe - and elsewhere - due to many digitization projects. Insofar as funding institutions base the acceptance of projects on the observation of certain documentation standards the knowledge created will be retrievable and will remain so for a longer time. Otherwise the retrieval of information will become a matter of chance due to the limits of fragmented, knowledge producing social groups.

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Abstract

The preparation of a bilingual Slovene-English general controlled vocabulary to be used for subject indexing in the COBISS.SI library information system, Slovenia, is a national project that started in March 2000. According to the basic methodology, a new subject schema named Splogni geslovnik COBISS.SI (COBISS.SI General List of Subject Headings) (SGC) is to be developed from the Sears List of Subject Headings (Sears). The project is divided into four phases: 1) translation and editing of Sears, 2) restructuring and adaptation of Sears and mapping of SGC headings to LCSH, 3) addition of new terms and preparation of instructions for use, and 4) conversion from the OCLC MARC format for authorities and inclusion of SGC in subject authority control system. By the end of 2002, the first part of Phase I was completed. Also described at some length are both the faceting of Sears headings and the addition of new terms based, among other, on LCSH.

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

In this second paper in the series on PRECIS we set out to establish a theoretical model of the indexing operation to account for the growing empirical evidence that PRECIS can be applied successfully to the terms and phrases of more than one natural language (NL). For this purpose, the system is examined from two different but related viewpoints, the first linguistic and the second logical. In linguistic terms, the schema of role operators is related to certain features of NL which are regarded by linguists as language-independent, particular attention being paid to Chomsky's 1965 theory, the notion of deep cases, and the idea that roles, as used in an indexing language (IL) are related to deep cases in NL. It is realised that we should not rely too heavily on analogies between NL and IL, on the grounds that these two kinds of language have different structures and to some extent different functions, Consequently, the structure of a PRECIS string is also considered in terms of an alternative logic, and it is suggested that the order of terms in strings and entries, explained in the earlier paper through reference to the dual properties of context-dependency and one-toone relationships, is also amenable to a different but reinforcing explanation in terms of time-dependency. These two types of explanation, the linguistic and the logical, form the basis for a proposed theoretical model of the 'stages of indexing'. Finally, the authors consider the implications of this model for multilingual indexing.

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Abstract

Although knowledge based MT systems have the potential to achieve high translation accuracy, each successful application system requires a large amount of hand coded lexical knowledge. Systems like KBMT-89 and its descendants have demonstarted how knowledge based translation can produce good results in technical domains with tractable domain semantics. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the development task for large scale applications with 10s of 1000s of of domain concepts precludes a purely hand crafted approach. The current challenge for the next generation of knowledge based MT systems is to utilize online textual resources and corpus analysis software in order to automate the most laborious aspects of the knowledge acquisition process. This partial automation can in turn maximize the productivity of human knowledge engineers and help to make large scale applications of knowledge based MT an viable approach. Discusses the corpus based knowledge acquisition methodology used in KANT, a knowledge based translation system for multilingual document production. This methodology can be generalized beyond the KANT interlinhua approach for use with any system that requires similar kinds of knowledge

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Abstract

This report presents a case study of the development of an interface for a novel and complex form of document retrieval: searching for texts written in foreign languages based on native language queries. Although the underlying technology for achieving such a search is relatively weIl understood, the appropriate interface design is not. A study involving users from the beginning of the design process is described, and it covers initial examination of user needs and tasks, preliminary design and testing of interface components, building, testing, and refining the interface, and, finally, conducting usability tests of the system. Lessons are learned at every stage of the process, leading to a much more informed view of how such an interface should be built.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 55(2004) no.10, S.923-934

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Abstract

The use of title words, the combination of these through the use of logic operators, and the possibility of truncating them when carrying out subject searches, are some of the search options that have been incorporated into the online catalog. Several arguments in favor of these options have been expressed which state that they represent an approach for the use of natural language and that they facilitate information retrieval. However, expressed arguments against them that support the necessity of using controlled language to obtain more precision in search results also exist. This paper reports the main results from a study whose objective was to compare advantages and disadvantages of retrieval by keywords from the title and by subject headings included in the records of LIBRUNAM, an online catalog containing records for English and Spanish items at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

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Content

Based on experiences with the design and development of a Tamil-English bilingual thesaurus this paper discusses with examples: (1) some issues related to vocabulary management in multilingual thesauri in culture-specific domains; (2) special aspects of the Tamil language in this regard; (3) alternative ways of linking certain descriptors to lengthy lists of NTs and RTs; (4) advantages of integrated use of two or more knowledge organization tools; and (5) use of the bilingual thesaurus for certain types of research in Tamil. Issues related to equivalence, non-hierarchic associative relationships, homographs, NTs are discussed. The paper suggests that integrated use of two or more knowledge organization tools adds value.

Source

Culture and identity in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Tenth International ISKO Conference 5-8 August 2008, Montreal, Canada. Ed. by Clément Arsenault and Joseph T. Tennis

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Abstract

Creating an information architecture for a bilingual Web site presents particular challenges beyond those that exist for single and multilanguage sites. This article reports work in progress an the development of a contentbased bilingual Web site to facilitate the sharing of resources and information between Speech and Language Therapists. The development of the information architecture is based an a combination of two aspects: an abstract structural analysis of existing bilingual Web designs focusing an the presentation of bilingual material, and a bilingual card-sorting activity conducted with potential users. Issues for bilingual developments are discussed, and some observations are made regarding the use of card-sorting activities.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.10, S.866-873