Search (5186 results, page 2 of 260)

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Abstract

This chapter shows that the wider use of Web search engines, reconsidering the theoretical and methodological frameworks to grasp new information practices. Beginning with an overview of the recent challenges implied by the dynamic nature of the Web, this chapter then traces the information behavior related concepts in order to present the different approaches from the user perspective. The authors pay special attention to the concept of "information practice" and other related concepts such as "use", "activity", and "behavior" largely used in the literature but not always strictly defined. The authors provide an overview of user-oriented studies that are meaningful to understand the different contexts of use of electronic information access systems, focusing on five approaches: the system-oriented approaches, the theories of information seeking, the cognitive and psychological approaches, the management science approaches, and the marketing approaches. Future directions of work are then shaped, including social searching and the ethical, cultural, and political dimensions of Web search engines. The authors conclude considering the importance of Critical theory to better understand the role of Web Search engines in our modern society.

Date

20. 4.2012 13:22:37

Footnote

Vgl.: http://www.igi-global.com/book/next-generation-search-engines/64435.

Source

Next generation search engines: advanced models for information retrieval. Eds.: C. Jouis, u.a

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Abstract

Google Book Search, initially released as Google Print, allows the full-text searching of millions of books supplied by both publishers and libraries. More than 10,000 publishers and dozens of research libraries contribute. The Library Project is significant because it is a partnership with a commercial entity, because Google is funding the digitization, because the project exists on such a massive scale, and because of the speed with which so many works have been and are being scanned. The aspect that has created the most controversy, and legal action, is that some libraries are contributing works that are protected by copyright. A fascinating and critical debate has arisen around copyright protection, the fair use privilege, and what these mean in the digital age.

Footnote

Vgl.: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/book/10.1081/E-ELIS3.

Object

Google Book Search

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Abstract

Google's December 2004 announcement of its intention to collaborate with five major research libraries - Harvard University, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, and the New York Public Library - to digitize and surface their print book collections in the Google searching universe has, predictably, stirred conflicting opinion, with some viewing the project as a welcome opportunity to enhance the visibility of library collections in new environments, and others wary of Google's prospective role as gateway to these collections. The project has been vigorously debated on discussion lists and blogs, with the participating libraries commonly referred to as "the Google 5". One point most observers seem to concede is that the questions raised by this initiative are both timely and significant. The Google Print Library Project (GPLP) has galvanized a long overdue, multi-faceted discussion about library print book collections. The print book is core to library identity and practice, but in an era of zero-sum budgeting, it is almost inevitable that print book budgets will decline as budgets for serials, digital resources, and other materials expand. As libraries re-allocate resources to accommodate changing patterns of user needs, print book budgets may be adversely impacted. Of course, the degree of impact will depend on a library's perceived mission. A public library may expect books to justify their shelf-space, with de-accession the consequence of minimal use. A national library, on the other hand, has a responsibility to the scholarly and cultural record and may seek to collect comprehensively within particular areas, with the attendant obligation to secure the long-term retention of its print book collections. The combination of limited budgets, changing user needs, and differences in library collection strategies underscores the need to think about a collective, or system-wide, print book collection - in particular, how can an inter-institutional system be organized to achieve goals that would be difficult, and/or prohibitively expensive, for any one library to undertake individually [4]? Mass digitization programs like GPLP cast new light on these and other issues surrounding the future of library print book collections, but at this early stage, it is light that illuminates only dimly. It will be some time before GPLP's implications for libraries and library print book collections can be fully appreciated and evaluated. But the strong interest and lively debate generated by this initiative suggest that some preliminary analysis - premature though it may be - would be useful, if only to undertake a rough mapping of the terrain over which GPLP potentially will extend. At the least, some early perspective helps shape interesting questions for the future, when the boundaries of GPLP become settled, workflows for producing and managing the digitized materials become systematized, and usage patterns within the GPLP framework begin to emerge.
This article offers some perspectives on GPLP in light of what is known about library print book collections in general, and those of the Google 5 in particular, from information in OCLC's WorldCat bibliographic database and holdings file. Questions addressed include: * Coverage: What proportion of the system-wide print book collection will GPLP potentially cover? What is the degree of holdings overlap across the print book collections of the five participating libraries? * Language: What is the distribution of languages associated with the print books held by the GPLP libraries? Which languages are predominant? * Copyright: What proportion of the GPLP libraries' print book holdings are out of copyright? * Works: How many distinct works are represented in the holdings of the GPLP libraries? How does a focus on works impact coverage and holdings overlap? * Convergence: What are the effects on coverage of using a different set of five libraries? What are the effects of adding the holdings of additional libraries to those of the GPLP libraries, and how do these effects vary by library type? These questions certainly do not exhaust the analytical possibilities presented by GPLP. More in-depth analysis might look at Google 5 coverage in particular subject areas; it also would be interesting to see how many books covered by the GPLP have already been digitized in other contexts. However, these questions are left to future studies. The purpose here is to explore a few basic questions raised by GPLP, and in doing so, provide an empirical context for the debate that is sure to continue for some time to come. A secondary objective is to lay some groundwork for a general set of questions that could be used to explore the implications of any mass digitization initiative. A suggested list of questions is provided in the conclusion of the article.

Date

26.12.2011 14:08:22

Object

Google book search

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Abstract

In a series of lectures presented in 1970, Pauline Cochrane offered an American view of Ranganathan's five laws of library science (Atherton, 1973). According to Cochrane, Ranganathan first con ceived of the five laws in 1924. They include: (1) books are for use; (2) every reader his book; (3) every book its reader; (4) save the time of the reader; and (5) a library is a growing organism. With respect to law 4, Cochrane cited the need for more research to understand the match between a user's information needs and the descriptions of information resources. In constructing the catalog and other search tools, do we save the time of the reader? Success in this effort requires knowing more about the reader's information needs and search behavior. Cochrane (1992) revisited the laws two decades later, recommending that they serve as guidelines and criteria for assessing the value of information technology in library and information services. In particular she suggested the need to determine whether information technology improves the timeliness, precision, and comprehensiveness of information provision to users. This article focuses an how information technology may enable us better to meet the needs of a particular category of information users - those undertaking interdisciplinary research. In a study completed twenty-five years ago, this author investigated the feasibility of developing a mapping of portions of controlled vocabularies as a tool for assisting in cross-database searching (Smith, 1974).

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Abstract

In both the social sciences and the humanities, books and monographs play significant roles in research communication. The absence of citations from most books and monographs from the Thomson Reuters/Institute for Scientific Information databases (ISI) has been criticized, but attempts to include citations from or to books in the research evaluation of the social sciences and humanities have not led to widespread adoption. This article assesses whether Google Book Search (GBS) can partially fill this gap by comparing citations from books with citations from journal articles to journal articles in 10 science, social science, and humanities disciplines. Book citations were 31% to 212% of ISI citations and, hence, numerous enough to supplement ISI citations in the social sciences and humanities covered, but not in the sciences (3%-5%), except for computing (46%), due to numerous published conference proceedings. A case study was also made of all 1,923 articles in the 51 information science and library science ISI-indexed journals published in 2003. Within this set, highly book-cited articles tended to receive many ISI citations, indicating a significant relationship between the two types of citation data, but with important exceptions that point to the additional information provided by book citations. In summary, GBS is clearly a valuable new source of citation data for the social sciences and humanities. One practical implication is that book-oriented scholars should consult it for additional citations to their work when applying for promotion and tenure.

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution in terms of shares of scholarly book publications in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in five European countries, i.e. Flanders (Belgium), Finland, Norway, Poland and Slovenia. In addition to aggregate results for the whole of the social sciences and the humanities, the authors focus on two well-established fields, namely, economics & business and history. Design/methodology/approach Comprehensive coverage databases of SSH scholarly output have been set up in Flanders (VABB-SHW), Finland (VIRTA), Norway (NSI), Poland (PBN) and Slovenia (COBISS). These systems allow to trace the shares of monographs and book chapters among the total volume of scholarly publications in each of these countries. Findings As expected, the shares of scholarly monographs and book chapters in the humanities and in the social sciences differ considerably between fields of science and between the five countries studied. In economics & business and in history, the results show similar field-based variations as well as country variations. Most year-to-year and overall variation is rather limited. The data presented illustrate that book publishing is not disappearing from an SSH. Research limitations/implications The results presented in this paper illustrate that the polish scholarly evaluation system has influenced scholarly publication patterns considerably, while in the other countries the variations are manifested only slightly. The authors conclude that generalizations like "performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) are bad for book publishing" are flawed. Research evaluation systems need to take book publishing fully into account because of the crucial epistemic and social roles it serves in an SSH. Originality/value The authors present data on monographs and book chapters from five comprehensive coverage databases in Europe and analyze the data in view of the debates regarding the perceived detrimental effects of research evaluation systems on scholarly book publishing. The authors show that there is little reason to suspect a dramatic decline of scholarly book publishing in an SSH.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Abstract

Although the 'information poor' are already present, the arrival of a much greater gap between the 'information poor' and 'information rich' is forecast in the book: Sovereign individual, by J.D. Davidson and W. Rees-Mogg. Concludes that, if the events forecast in the book come about, there will not be an information society but an unacceptable society

Date

3. 1.1999 14:40:22

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Abstract

We examined the search behaviors of diverse fiction readers in different search scenarios. The aim was to understand how fiction readers with varied reading preferences are selecting interesting novels in library catalogs. We conducted a controlled user study with 80 participants. Two reader groups were elicited according to similar reading preference patterns. The readers enjoyed the entertainment, escape, and comfort that reading as a pleasurable activity offered. The aesthetic readers valued the artistic and aesthetic pleasures, widening vocabulary, and ability to express oneself through fiction books. We compared the search queries and search actions between the 2 reader groups. Our results demonstrated that preference patterns were associated with readers' search behavior, that is, the number of viewed search result pages, opened book pages, dwell time on book pages, and the type of search queries. Based on the findings, we present 3 search tactics for fiction books in library catalogs: i) focused querying, ii) topical browsing, and iii) similarity-based tactic. The most popular search tactic in each search scenario was "focused querying" with known author in both reader groups.

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Content

"Electronic encyclopedias simplify research. Pop a disc into a CD-ROM drive, boot the program, and enter a few search commands. In a matter of seconds needed data appears on screen."

Footnote

Kurze Darstellungen zu: The Animals; Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia; Dictionary of the living world; First connections: the golden book encyclopedia; Information Finder 1993 (World book encyclopedia); Mammals: a multimedia encyclopedia; Microsoft Bookshelf 1993, multimedia ed.; Microsoft Encarta; The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia

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Abstract

Reviews the following products for librarians and library users: Librarian's helper (LH) Online; Statmaster, and Women of Influence. LH Online is a stand-alone online catalogue which serves as a search mechanism for a previous unsearchable bibliographic database. Statmaster combines data from the County and City Data Book (1988), the 1991 State and Metropolitan Area Data Book, the most recent US Census and Economics and the 1990 US Census. Women of Influence is a rare example of women's studies software

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Abstract

Reports on a study which aimed to determine the extent to which cataloguing can be reduced when cataloguing a book for a single screen minicat results from a search using the surname of the author of the book. The results show that the percentage of books having personal authors that are catalogued in a research library that will become entries in a 1 screen minicat is 35.6 when searched. Library could significantly reduce cataloguing expenditures by simplifying cataloguing nearly 2/5s of the time

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Abstract

Reviews 4 general interest CD-ROM encyclopedias, focusing on the novel features for the 1998 editions. The titles reviewed are: Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe '98; Encarta Deluxe Encyclopedia '98; Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia Deluxe '98 and World Book Encyclopedia Deluxe '98. All the encyclopedias have improved greatly in the area of providing Web links related to the topic being searched. Other features discussed include search facilities, cross-referencing, multimedia elements and textual information

Object

World Book encyclopedia

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover similarities and differences among emphasized information literacy (IL) skills for the disciplines of political- and social sciences, economics, educational sciences, law sciences, mathematics, life sciences, history and German studies, based on an analysis of IL teaching materials. Design/methodology/approach Eight issues of the German language publication series Erfolgreich recherchieren (Succesful Research Strategies) are compared by using a structuring content analysis. The category system is based on the IL standards and performance indicators of the Association of College and Research Libraries (2000), extended with additional categories. Findings The results, first, suggest that the biggest similarities and differences among the disciplines are found concerning the determination of the nature and extent of the needed information, especially in the area of identifying potential sources of information. Second, some of the disciplines focus more on international sources, whereas others focus on country- and language-specific sources. Third, the criteria to define the appropriate retrieval system differ among the various disciplines. Fourth, approaches to narrow the search results differ among the various disciplines. Fifth, the critical evaluation of sources is addressed in all disciplines but relates to different contexts. Research limitations/implications This approach only addresses one book per discipline out of a German language book series. Further research is needed. Originality/value This paper is unique in its approach and one of few papers on disciplinary differences in IL perception.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Abstract

Starting from the publication of the book: Use of the chemical literature; ed. by R.T. Bottle in 1962, illustrates how chemistry information resources and the ways of dealing with them have changed over the ensuing decades with particular reference to the 4 editions of Bottle's guide

Source

Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.6, S.437-445

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Object

Google book search

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Abstract

Die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek hat eine Kooperation mit Google vereinbart. Der Internet-Gigant soll sämtliche Buchbestände digitalisieren, die nicht dem Urheberschutz unterliegen und in »Google Book Search« integrieren.

Object

Google book search

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Abstract

This entry provides an overview of Web search engines, looking at the definition, components, leading engines, searching capabilities, and types of engines. It examines the components that make up a search engine and briefly discusses the process involved in identifying content for the engines' databases and the indexing of that content. Typical search options are reviewed and the major Web search engines are identified and described. Also identified and described are various specialty search engines, such as those for special content such as video and images, and engines that take significantly different approaches to the search problem, such as visualization engines and metasearch engines.

Footnote

Vgl.: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/book/10.1081/E-ELIS3.

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Abstract

This paper describes a new OPAC system called The Book House and discusses its relevance as a solution to current OPAC developments. The Book House is an interactive, multimedia, online public access catalogue system designed to support casual and/or novice end-users in information retrieval. It runs on a Macintosh and is available on CD-ROM and disks in English and Danish (it can be purchased from Risø for $100). It comprises an interface and module for classifying and indexing fact and fiction books in the database called Book House Write. It uses icons, text and animation in the display interface in order to enhance the utility of the system for the general public. Both words and pictures can be used for searching, which makes the system suitable for all age groups. It plays on users' previous experiencees with computer games to support learning by doing something in an enjoyable way. A prerequisite for the design of The Book House was a new approach to cognitive analysis of retrieval in libraries. Based on the success of this approach, it is claimed that OPAC systems will only be really useful and widespread (1) when their domain and task characteristics allow supplementary information to be added to existing descriptions of book content in online card catalogues in order to match end-users' intentions and needs, and (2) when the user interface and routes to the databases are configured as an integrated and uniform set of displays which match the search strategies of users, as well as their mental capabilities and limitations

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Abstract

This article offers important background information about a new product, the Book Citation Index (BKCI), launched in 2011 by Thomson Reuters. Information is illustrated by some new facts concerning The BKCI's use in bibliometrics, coverage analysis, and a series of idiosyncrasies worthy of further discussion. The BKCI was launched primarily to assist researchers identify useful and relevant research that was previously invisible to them, owing to the lack of significant book content in citation indexes such as the Web of Science. So far, the content of 33,000 books has been added to the desktops of the global research community, the majority in the arts, humanities, and social sciences fields. Initial analyses of the data from The BKCI have indicated that The BKCI, in its current version, should not be used for bibliometric or evaluative purposes. The most significant limitations to this potential application are the high share of publications without address information, the inflation of publication counts, the lack of cumulative citation counts from different hierarchical levels, and inconsistency in citation counts between the cited reference search and the book citation index. However, The BKCI is a first step toward creating a reliable and necessary citation data source for monographs - a very challenging issue, because, unlike journals and conference proceedings, books have specific requirements, and several problems emerge not only in the context of subject classification, but also in their role as cited publications and in citing publications.

Object

Book Citation Index

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Abstract

The early history of Internet search systems was quite diverse, and went through several stages before settling into the more mature recent environment of a few major search engines. The authors note: "From the early beginnings of Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Archie, Veronica, and Gopher to the current iterations of Web search engines and search directories that use graphical interfaces, spiders, worms, robots, complex algorithms, proprietary information, competing interfaces, and advertising, access to the vast store of materials that is the Internet has depended upon search tools."

Footnote

Vgl.: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/book/10.1081/E-ELIS3.