-
Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
- Date
- 22. 5.1999 14:51:49
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Fugmann, R.: What is information? : an information veteran looks back (2022)
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- Content
- Vgl.: https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-1-3/what-is-information-an-information-veteran-looks-back-jahrgang-49-2022-heft-1?page=1.
- Date
- 18. 8.2022 19:22:57
-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
-
Koch, C.: Was ist Bewusstsein? (2020)
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- Date
- 17. 1.2020 22:15:11
-
Roth, G.; Eurich, C.: ¬Der Begriff der Information in der Neurobiologie (2004)
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- Date
- 5. 4.2013 10:22:54
-
Malsburg, C. von der: Concerning the neuronal code (2018)
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- Date
- 27.12.2020 16:56:22
-
fwt: Wie das Gehirn Bilder 'liest' (1999)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:01:22
-
Wallis, J.: Cyberspace, information literacy and the information society : same difference? (2005)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - To establish that, in the opinion of the author, there is a need for an information literacy skill set for citizens of the modern information society, and that the role of library and information professionals may have to evolve, from intermediaries to facilitators and trainers. Design/methodology/approach - An opinion piece based on the author's experiences in digital library research, as a citizen of an information society and as a worker in the knowledge economy. Findings - That citizens of information societies have direct access to a bewildering range of digital information resources. Librarians and information professionals face less demand for their traditional role as intermediaries. Information literacy is defined and described as a vital skill set for citizens of information societies. It is suggested that librarians and information professionals are needed to pass on these skills to citizens at all levels of society for economic, social and personal empowerment. Research limitations/implications - The paper reflects the perspective of the author - it is not supported by quantitative data (notoriously difficult to collect on information literacy). Practical implications - Provides suggestions on how the library and information profession can retain their relevance to society in the networked age. Originality/value - This is the particular viewpoint of the author, with a diverse range of examples cited to back up the thrust of the paper. It describes how information literacy is required to interact effectively with the digital environment on an emotional as well as an intellectual level.
-
Cole, C.: Interaction with an enabling information retrieval system : modeling the user's decoding and encoding operations (2000)
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- Abstract
- With new interactive technology, we can increase user satisfaction by designing information retrieval systems that inform the user while the user is on-line interacting with the system. The purpose of this article is to model the information processing operations of a generic user who has just received an information message from the system and is stimulated by the message into grasping at a higher understanding of his or her information task or problem. The model consists of 3 levels, each of which forms a separate subsystem. In the Perseption subsystem, the user perceives the system message in a visual sense; in the Comprehension subsystem, the user must comprehend the system message; and in the Application subsystem, the user must (a) interpret the system message in terms of the user's task at hand, and (b) create and send a new message back to the system to complete the interaction. Because of the information process stimulated by the interaction, the user's new message forms a query to the system that more accurately represents the user's information need than would have been the case if the interaction had not taken place. This article proposes a device to enable clarification of the user's task, and thus his/her information need at the Application subsystem level of the model
-
Eiriksson, J.M.; Retsloff, J.M.: Librarians in the 'information age' : promoter of change or provider of stability? (2005)
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- Abstract
- When we were all facing the turn of the century and the somewhat larger turn of the millennium, we left behind epochs of colonialism, imperialism, capitalism, nazism and racialism. Not that the ideologies mentioned does no longer exist, but their impact as grand narratives has gone and they now exist as fragmented discursive parts of their former, illusive hegemony. Parts that have been thrown into the pits of post modern complexity. The 21st century holds no answers, no new meaning, at most it provides human communication a certain self reflectivity due to the increasing egocentrism and individuality of people (i.e. still mostly western people). Another symptom of the loss of grand narratives is a feeling of loss of meaning in everyday life, as well as the state of democracies around the world. Democracy shivers in its void between anarchy and repressive dictatorship. The description 'information age' provides the times we are in with a useful sticker. It tents both back in time e.g. the late 20, century digitalisation and forward in time by givingr origin to the contemporary discourse of social semantics i.e. Dream society, Knowledge society, Post modern society, Risk society, Hypercomplex society etc. The phrase 'information age' implied the introduction of a paradigm shift, and now it is still here showing that paradigms do not shift, they slide. This paper outlines a manifest for librarians and librarianship of the information age. The information age puts the spotlight on the librarian, both regarding classical tasks such as classification and cataloguing as well as new tasks such as systems analysis and design or database searching.
- Date
- 22. 7.2009 11:23:22
-
dpa: Struktur des Denkorgans wird bald entschlüsselt sein (2000)
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- Date
- 17. 7.1996 9:33:22
22. 7.2000 19:05:41
-
Stock, W.G.: Wissenschaftsinformatik : Fundierung, Gegenstand und Methoden (1980)
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- Source
- Ratio. 22(1980), S.155-164
-
Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:22:28
-
Stoyan, H.: Information in der Informatik (2004)
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- Abstract
- 1957 hat Karl Steinbuch mit seinem Mitarbeiter Helmut Gröttrup den Begriff "Informatik" erfunden. Er gebrauchte diesen Begriff nicht zur Bezeichnung eines wissenschaftlichen Fachgebiets, sondern eher für seine Abteilung bei der Firma SEL in Stuttgart. Zu dieser Zeit standen sich in diesem Feld drei Parteien gegenüber: Die Mathematiker, die mit Rechenanlagen elektronisch rechneten, die Elektrotechniker, die Nachrichtenverarbeitung trieben und die Wirtschaftler und Lochkartenleute, die mit mechanisch-elektronischen Geräten zählten, buchten und aufsummierten. Während sich in den USA und England die Mathematiker mit dem Namen für das Gerät "Computer" durchsetzten und die Wissenschaft pragmatisch "Computer Science" genannt wurde, war in Deutschland die Diskussion bis in die 60er Jahre unentschieden: Die Abkürzung EDV hält sich noch immer gegenüber "Rechner" und "Computer"; Steinbuch selbst nannte 1962 sein Taschenbuch nicht "Taschenbuch der Informatik" sondern "Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung". 1955 wurde eine Informatik-Tagung in Darmstadt noch "Elektronische Rechenanlagen und Informationsverarbeitung" genannt. Die Internationale Gesellschaft hieß "International Federation for Information Processing". 1957 aber definierte Steinbuch "Informatik" als "Automatische Informationsverarbeitung" und war auf diese Art den Mathematikern entgegengegangen. Als Firmenbezeichnung schien der Begriff geschützt zu sein. Noch 1967 wurde der Fachbeirat der Bundesregierung "für Datenverarbeitung" genannt. Erst als die Franzosen die Bezeichnung "Informatique" verwendeten, war der Weg frei für die Übernahme. So wurde der Ausschuss des Fachbeirats zur Etablierung des Hochschulstudiums bereits der "Einführung von Informatik-Studiengängen" gewidmet. Man überzeugte den damaligen Forschungsminister Stoltenberg und dieser machte in einer Rede den Begriff "Informatik" publik. Ende der 60er Jahre übernahmen F. L. Bauer und andere den Begriff, nannten 1969 die Berufsgenossenschaft "Gesellschaft für Informatik" und sorgten für die entsprechende Benennung des wissenschaftlichen Fachgebiets. Die strittigen Grundbegriffe dieses Prozesses: Information/Informationen, Nachrichten und Daten scheinen heute nur Nuancen zu trennen. Damals ging es natürlich auch um Politik, um Forschungsrichtungen, um den Geist der Wissenschaft, um die Ausrichtung. Mehr Mathematik, mehr Ingenieurwissenschaft oder mehr Betriebswirtschaft, so könnte man die Grundströmungen vereinfachen. Mit der Ausrichtung der Informatik nicht versöhnte Elektrotechniker nannten sich Informationstechniker, die Datenverarbeiter sammelten sich im Lager der Wirtschaftsinformatiker. Mit den Grundbegriffen der Informatik, Nachricht, Information, Datum, hat es seitdem umfangreiche Auseinandersetzungen gegeben. Lehrbücher mussten geschrieben werden, Lexika und Nachschlagewerke wurden verfasst, Arbeitsgruppen tagten. Die Arbeiten C. Shannons zur Kommunikation, mit denen eine statistische Informationstheorie eingeführt worden war, spielten dabei nur eine geringe Rolle.
- Date
- 5. 4.2013 10:22:48
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Favre-Bulle, B.: Information und Zusammenhang : Informationsfluß in Prozessen der Wahrnehmung, des Denkens und der Kommunikation (2001)
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- Content
- Absolute und relative Perspektiven: Die Sterne des Orion; Babylonische Informationsverwirrungen; Eine Navigationshilfe.- Information: Informationsparadigmen; Information in der Nachrichtentechnik; Signale, Daten, Information und Wissen; Information und Bedeutung.- Konnektionistische Modelle: Ein konnektionistisches Informationsmodell; Informationsfluß im Netzmodell.- Wissen: Definition von Wissen; Klassifizierung von Wissen; Wissensrepräsentation.- Wahrnehmung und Denken: Kognition; Paradigmen und Modelle; Wahrnehmung; Kognitive Systeme und Kontext; Denken.- Kontext: Was ist Kontext?; Eine Kontext-Metapher; Die Logik und HOLMES; Das Konzept ist(c, p).- Sprache: Die sprachliche Dimension; Struktur der Sprache; Sprache als Medium der Information; Sprache und Kontext 1: Air Traffic Control; Sprache und Kontext 2: Japanisch. - Enthält Abschnitte zu: Kommunikation; Medien; Medienwissenschaft; Kognitionswissenschaft; Informatik; Wirtschaft
- Date
- 22. 3.2008 14:53:43
-
Busch, C.: Bitte ein Bit? : Zur (Be-) Deutung der Informationstheorie (1992)
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-
Weizsäcker, E. von; Weizsäcker, C. von: Wiederaufnahme der begrifflichen Frage: was ist Information? (1972)
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-
Arning, M.: Wenn Philosophen die Welt von den Füßen auf den Kopf stellen : bei den 22. Römerberggesprächen sorgt Hermann Lübbe für eine erstaunliche Provokation (1995)
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- Abstract
- Der Sozialphilosoph Hermann Lübbe ist überzeugt davon, daß die Massenmedien nicht 'vermassend', sondern vielmehr 'pluralistisch' wirken. - Bericht zu den 22. Frankfurter Römerberggesprächen zum Thema: Kommt eine neue Kultur? Auf der Suche nach Wirklichkeit im Medienzeitalter
-
Schöne neue Welt? : Fragen und Antworten: Wie Facebook menschliche Gedanken auslesen will (2017)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2004 9:42:33
22. 4.2017 11:58:05
