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  1. Kaplowitz, J.; Contini, J.: Computer-assisted instruction : is it an option for bibliographic instruction in large undergraduate survey classes? (1998) 0.17
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    Abstract
    Describes how librarians at the Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, California University Los Angeles (UCLA), developed a library user training programme, based on computer assisted instruction, for the 800 to 900 undergraduate biology students per year who enrol in the department's basic, compulsory, introductory course. Compares the effectiveness of computer assisted instruction with the lecture method, using a range of techniques, including a follow up survey. Concludes that computer assisted instruction in combination with the laboratory manual is an effective and user friendly way of offering user training
    Date
    13. 7.1998 22:01:14
  2. Kibirige, H.M.: Computer-assisted reference services : what the computer will not do (1988) 0.09
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  3. Slavens, T.; Horn, B.: Computer assisted instruction in education of reference librarians (1975) 0.08
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  4. Dixon, L.: Building library skills : computer assisted instruction for undergraduates (1995) 0.06
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    Abstract
    Traditionally, reference librarians at Tennessee University taught basic library skills through a lecture format. Desiring to communicate more effectively with students, reduce burnout, and alleviate scheduling difficulties, the department decided to develop a computer assisted instruction (CAI) programme for English 102 classes. Discusses the development and implementation of 3 HyperCard modules to help students learn to find periodical articles, use the online catalogue, and search MLA on CD-ROM. Includes reactions from students, English instructors and librarians, and concludes with plans to develop CAI modules for other instructional needs in the future
  5. Azzaro, S.; Cleary, K.: One, two, three ... infinity : a computer assisted learning package for the first time user of SilverPlatter CD-ROMs (1994) 0.06
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    Abstract
    At the start of the academic year reference staff are hard pressed to provide sufficient assistance to first time users of CD-ROMs, who have missed bibliographic instruction classes, or who need more guidance before searching. The literature on CD-ROMs was reviewed, and a survey conducted to estimate the training needs of searchers. It was found that 100% of the inexperienced searchers required assistance while searching, and 50% of their search strategies were later rated as poor. More than half the experienced searchers also needed the librarians assistance, and 31% of this group demonstrated a poor understanding of searching techniques. The survey findings were incorporated into CDIntro, a computer assisted learning package designed by the authors
  6. Parrott, R.: Simulation of the reference process : Part 2: REFSIM, an implementation with expert and ICAI modes (1989) 0.06
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    Abstract
    Exploring the advantages of a simulation (rather than expert systems) approach to designing a system to relieve reference desk overload. REFSIM can simulate a reference librarian, a teacher of reference librarians and a client, singly or in combination. It has an expert system consultation mode and several Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction (ICAI) modes. The components and architecture of REFSIM are described. Details, including a sample transaction, are given for the expert system mode, wich is to be used for consultation by library clients. An overview is supplied for 2 ICAI modes, wich can be used to instruct clients or train reference librarians.
    Object
    ICAI (Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction)
  7. Library resources on the Internet : strategies for selection and use (1992) 0.05
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    Abstract
    A project of Direct Patron Access to Computer-based Reference Systems Committee, Machine-assisted Reference Section, Reference and Adult Services Division, American Library Association.
  8. Bosman, F.; Hollander, F. den; Maanen, L. van: CoBRA/RUG: expert system for user queries (1994) 0.04
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    Abstract
    The University Library Groningen, COWOG (Centre for Research on Higher Education) and PICA developed a computer assisted bibliographic reference and advisory system (CoBRA). It is an expert system that advises users of the University Library when they want to execute a search for literature on a certain subject. In fact, it produces custom made guides to the literature in the library. Explained is why the system has been built, the architecture of the system is outlined and some comments are made on aspects of implementing such a system, and the need for library cooperation to build expert systems
  9. Thompson, D.M.: Online public access catalogs and user instruction (1994) 0.04
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    Abstract
    Reports the results of a questionnaire survey of 414 libraries in 4 categories: academic libraries; school libraries; public libraries and special libraries; to assess the status of library training initiatives with respect to the libraries' OPACs. Answers were sought to 3 questions: how have libraries modifoed OPAC software; have libraries developed any instructional methods for teaching the use of OPACs; and to what extent are online catalogues self instructional? Results show that most participants' libraries have modofied library OPAC software; librarians continue to teach use of the online catalogue, depending heavily on handouts; few systems have built-in tutorials for users; and very fes have developed computer assisted instruction for the OPAC
  10. Nahl, D.: Creating user-centered instructions for novice end-users (1999) 0.04
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    Abstract
    In response to the proliferation of information retrieval systems in academic libraries since the early 1980s, librarians have created many written search aids designed to help users learn how to search database systems. Written instructional material continues to increase in quantity and in importance with the rise of remote users and the advent of asynchronous distance learning. Since many users will have only written instructions to consult, it is crucial to determine the effectiveness of these materials. How useful are these instructions? Do people consult them? Do they help users make progress in their searches? There is a small but useful body of research on the effectiveness of both print and online search aids. This research points to the need to test materials on user groups. The findings from studies of novices using written instructions identify specific guidelines for creating effective materials.
  11. Swanson, D.R.; Smalheiser, N.R.; Torvik, V.I.: Ranking indirect connections in literature-based discovery : the role of Medical Subject Headings (2006) 0.03
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    Abstract
    Arrowsmith, a computer-assisted process for literature-based discovery, takes as input two disjoint sets of records (A, C) from the Medline database. lt produces a list of title words and phrases, B, that are common to A and C, and displays the title context in which each B-term occurs within A and within C. Subject experts then can try to find A-B and B-C title-pairs that together may suggest novel and plausible indirect A-C relationships (via B-terms) that are of particular interest in the absence of any known direct A-C relationship. The list of B-terms typically is so large that it is difficult to find the relatively few that contribute to scientifically interesting connections. The purpose of the present article is to propose and test several techniques for improving the quality of the B-Iist. These techniques exploit the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) that are assigned to each input record. A MesH-based concept of literature cohesiveness is defined and plays a key rote. The proposed techniques are tested an a published example of indirect connections between migraine and magnesium deficiency. The tests demonstrate how the earlier results can be replicated with a more efficient and more systematic computer-aided process.
  12. Ruiter, J. de: Aspects of dealing with digital information : "mature" novices on the Internet (2002) 0.03
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    Abstract
    This article seeks to address the following questions: Why do certain people, who are fully information literate with printed materials, become hesitant and even reluctant when it comes to finding something on the Internet? And why do we, information professionals, find it difficult to support them adequately? Mature users of digital information are often skeptical about the value of the Internet as a source for professional information. Over the years much has been achieved, but many prophecies of the experts on digitalization from the early hours still have not yet been fulfilled. Mature users do possess all skills needed to be digital-information literate, but they need to be assisted in specific areas where those skills are insufficient. They tend to blame themselves even if shortcomings in accessibility of digital sources and computer errors obstruct their search. Operating hardware requires a dexterity that can only be acquired by experience. Instruction should be hands-on; demonstration is far less effective. Special attention should be given to reading and interpreting navigation information on the screen and to the search strategies the Internet requires. Use of imagination and trial-and-error methods are to be recommended in this respect.
  13. Montesi, M.; Owen, J.M.: Research journal articles as document genres : exploring their role in knowledge organization (2008) 0.03
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to outline how article genres, or article types, are classified and described in the disciplines of biology, education, and software engineering. By using the expression article genres, emphasis is placed on the social role of journal articles that, as such, accomplish specific communicative functions and are intended for a certain context and audience. Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on this idea, the instructions to authors of the research journals cited in the Journal Citation Reports for each of the three disciplines are analysed. Findings - The information provided by the instructions to authors of major publications in the fields studied allows one to describe the following article genres: major articles, theoretical articles, review articles, short articles, practice-oriented articles, case studies, comment and opinion, and reviews. Research limitations/implications - Results show that article genres reflect the nature of research in each field to the extent that using them to describe items along with topic may improve management and retrieval of scientific documents. In addition, article genres perform specific communicative functions within disciplinary communities, which accounts for both emerging types of articles and variations in traditional types. Originality/value - The paper summarizes the information on article genres available in the instructions to authors of scientific journals in the disciplines of biology, education and software engineering. It attempts to show how results can mirror the nature of research in each field as well as current debates within each discipline on the state and quality of research. Also it shows how article genres convey specific communication needs within disciplinary communities, which proves that genres are social and evolving objects.
  14. Tenopir, C.: Plagued by our own successes (1998) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Reports on a survey of electronic reference sources and their impact on the work of reference librarians. Reference librarians in university libraries in the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) in the USA were asked to comment on how the library's use of such sources has changed over the past 2 to 3 years and how the work of reference staff has changed. The themes highlighted by the survey include changes in user instructions; the impact of technology; the rising expectations of users; and 'technostress'
  15. Hammond, C.; Mitchell, E.: Library instruction for the professions : informations needs and libraries (1997) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Reports on a survey on the information seeking behaviour of practitioners in accounting, architecture, psychology and recreation/tourism. The aim was to improve information skills instruction programmes for students. Fewer than half of the survey respondents had discipline-specific library instruction. Practitioners identify a need for information but a low use of electronic resources. Data supports the necessity of information skills for those entering the professions. Instructions should be information centred rather than library centred. Continuing education for professionals' information finding is needed. Makes suggestions for changes in library instruction
  16. Stalker, J.C.; Murfin, M.E.: Why reference librarians won't disappear : a study of success in identifying answering sources for reference questions (1996) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Sourcefinder (SOFI) is an expert system consisting of a database of annotated reference sources, uisng the Nota Bene software, which serves as a support for reference services at the reference desk of the Main Library at Ohio State University. SOFI is used by new reference librarians as a trainign aid, by experienced librarians in unfamiliar subject areas and has the potential to be used at times and places where reference librarians are unavailable. More direct access to reference knowledge is provided ny means of a series of question units on a variety of subjects, where instructions, last resort suggestions, and sources are arranged in the form of types of reference questions. Reports results of a study to test the SOFI question units against the libraries' catalogue, OSCAR, in its ability to convert raw reference questions into subjects and to match that subject with the library's resources. Reference questions were selected and the results obtained by students compared with those obtained by experienced reference librarians. The 8 questions involved: cities; foreign languages; dates and chronologies; money and finance; government officials; testa and assessment; associations; and abbreviations. Point to ways in which SOFI might be improved in the light of this study and suggests the possibility of making SOFI available on the WWW
  17. Wu, M.-M.; Liu, Y.-H.: Intermediary's information seeking, inquiring minds, and elicitation styles (2003) 0.02
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    Abstract
    The current research explores how intermediaries seek information from patrons, in particular by analyzing intermediaries' elicitation utterances through three dimensions-linguistic forms, utterance purposes, and communicative functions-to determine whether indeed any dimension appeared consistently, to be called "elicitation styles." Five intermediaries from four academic libraries (three national university libraries, one private university library) and one research institute library participated in the study. Thirty patrons with 30 genuine search requests were recruited; thus, 30 patron/intermediary information retrieval interactions making a total of 30 encounters were collected. Video/audio data were taped. Dialogues between patron and intermediary were transcribed. Statistical analysis revealed three types of elicitation styles among the five intermediaries, labeled, (1) situationally oriented, (2) functionally oriented, and (3) stereotyped. This study seeks an explanation for different elicitation styles. Qualitative analysis was applied to investigate "inquiring minds." An inquiring mind is termed to represent a mentality or tendency that one elicits certain threads of questions influenced by Professional beliefs, individual characteristics, tasks, goals, and interactional contexts in conversation. The results of qualitative analysis specified three modes of inquiring minds of the intermediaries, namely: (1) information problem detection, (2) query formulation process, and (3) database instructions.
  18. Koshik, I.; Okazawa, H.: ¬A conversation analytic study of actual and potential problems in communication in library chat reference interactions (2012) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Although chat-based reference services have been studied for over a decade and guidelines have been developed for effective communication in virtual reference service, little is known about the actual sources of miscommunication in these interactions. Our study uses a conversation analytic framework to investigate the types of potential or actual problems in communication that occur between librarians and patrons in chat reference interactions at a university library. Conversation analysis methodology, as developed by Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gain Jefferson, provides an empirical basis for claims about problems with communication by investigating what the participants themselves display as problematic or potentially problematic. Based on a corpus of archived chat reference transcripts, we show what types of problems in communication are displayed in the interaction, primarily through repair initiations, whether the problems are resolved, and, if so, how. Sources of problems that were targeted by both librarians and patrons included mistyping, typing in the wrong window, ambiguous terminology, differences in expertise between patrons and librarians, and the difficulty of giving and following instructions while not copresent. We conclude with implications for the training of future librarians in performing chat reference interactions.
  19. Harnack, A. von: ¬Die Auskunftserteilung als bibliothekarische Aufgabe (1940) 0.01
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    Source
    Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen. 57(1940), S.16-22
  20. Thun, H.-P.: "At your fingertip"? : Auskunfts- und Informationsdienst bei uns noch Entwicklungsland (1970) 0.01
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    Source
    Bücherei und Bildung. 22(1970), S.63-71

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