Search (124 results, page 2 of 7)

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Date

4. 6.2006 19:52:22

Footnote

Beitrag einer special topic section on multilingual information systems

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.5, S.645-659

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Abstract

Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation

Date

16. 2.2000 14:22:39

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.3, S.281-296

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Abstract

Query translation is a viable method for cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), but it suffers from translation ambiguities caused by multiple translations of individual query terms. Previous research has employed various methods for disambiguation, including the method of selecting an individual target query term from multiple candidates by comparing their statistical associations with the candidate translations of other query terms. This paper proposes a new method where we examine all combinations of target query term translations corresponding to the source query terms, instead of looking at the candidates for each query term and selecting the best one at a time. The goodness value for a combination of target query terms is computed based on the association value between each pair of the terms in the combination. We tested our method using the NTCIR-3 English-Korean CLIR test collection. The results show some improvements regardless of the association measures we used.

Date

26.12.2007 20:22:38

Source

Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.507-522

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Abstract

Since several years it has been observed that information offered by different knowledge producing institutions on the internet is more and more interlinked. This tendency will increase, because the fragmented information offers on the internet make the retrieval of information difficult as even impossible. At the same time the quantity of information offered on the internet grows exponentially in Europe - and elsewhere - due to many digitization projects. Insofar as funding institutions base the acceptance of projects on the observation of certain documentation standards the knowledge created will be retrievable and will remain so for a longer time. Otherwise the retrieval of information will become a matter of chance due to the limits of fragmented, knowledge producing social groups.

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Abstract

The CACAO Project (Cross-language Access to Catalogues and Online Libraries) has been designed to implement natural language processing and cross-language information retrieval techniques to provide cross-language access to information in libraries, a critical issue in the linguistically diverse European Union. This project report addresses two metadata-related challenges for the library community in this context: "false friends" (identical words having different meanings in different languages) and term ambiguity. The possible solutions involve enriching the metadata with attributes specifying language or the source authority file, or associating potential search terms to classes in a classification system. The European Library will evaluate an early implementation of this work in late 2008.

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Abstract

The Web has become a large repository of documents (or pages) written in many different languages. In this context, traditional information retrieval (IR) techniques cannot be used whenever the user query and the documents being retrieved are in different languages. To address this problem, new cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques have been proposed. In this work, we describe a method for cross-language retrieval of medical information. This method combines query terms and related medical concepts obtained automatically through a categorization procedure. The medical concepts are used to create a linguistic abstraction that allows retrieval of information in a language-independent way, minimizing linguistic problems such as polysemy. To evaluate our method, we carried out experiments using the OHSUMED test collection, whose documents are written in English, with queries expressed in Portuguese, Spanish, and French. The results indicate that our cross-language retrieval method is as effective as a standard vector space model algorithm operating on queries and documents in the same language. Further, our results are better than previous results in the literature.

Date

22. 7.2006 16:46:36

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.4, S.501-510

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Abstract

This paper reports a part of an on-going PhD study on problems related to multicultural social science thesaurus construction in the general frame of information science. The main analysis methods used are discourse analysis and co-word analysis. In theoretical framework the emphasis is on communicative equivalence theories and different aims of thesaurus translation are discussed. Some examples are given how co-word analysis can be used to study contextual equivalence.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Two probabilistic approaches to cross-lingual retrieval are in wide use today, those based on probabilistic models of relevance, as exemplified by INQUERY, and those based on language modeling. INQUERY, as a query net model, allows the easy incorporation of query operators, including a synonym operator, which has proven to be extremely useful in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), in an approach often called structured query translation. In contrast, language models incorporate translation probabilities into a unified framework. We compare the two approaches on Arabic and Spanish data sets, using two kinds of bilingual dictionaries--one derived from a conventional dictionary, and one derived from a parallel corpus. We find that structured query processing gives slightly better results when queries are not expanded. On the other hand, when queries are expanded, language modeling gives better results, but only when using a probabilistic dictionary derived from a parallel corpus. We pursue two additional issues inherent in the comparison of structured query processing with language modeling. The first concerns query expansion, and the second is the role of translation probabilities. We compare conventional expansion techniques (pseudo-relevance feedback) with relevance modeling, a new IR approach which fits into the formal framework of language modeling. We find that relevance modeling and pseudo-relevance feedback achieve comparable levels of retrieval and that good translation probabilities confer a small but significant advantage.

Date

26.12.2007 20:22:11

Source

Information processing and management. 41(2005) no.3, S.457-474

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Abstract

Because the multilingual thesaurus has a critical role to play in the global networked information world, its relational structure must come under close scrutiny. Traditionally, identity of relational structures has been sought for the different language versions of a multilingual thesaurus, often leading to the artificialization of all target languages. The various types of cross-lingual and intralingual relations found in thesauri are examined in the context of two questions: Are all types of thesaural relations transferable from one language to another? and Are the two members of a valid relation in a source language always the same in the target language(s)? Two options for resolving semantic conflicts in multilingual thesauri are presented.

Series

Information science and knowledge management; vol.2

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

In the 21st century, multilingual tools are gaining importance as increasingly diverse user groups from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds seek access to equally diverse pieces of information. The authors of this paper believe that most current forms of multilingual information access are inadequate for this role, and that a new form of multilingual thesaurus is required. The core of this paper introduces their pilot thesaurus InfoDEFT as a possible model for new online thesauri, which are semantically structured, encyclopedic and multilingual. The authors conclude that while the manual construction of such thesauri is labour intensive and hence costly, pilot thesauri can be used as training sets for artificial learning programmes, thus increasing their volume considerably at relatively little extra cost.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Abstract

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Einsatz der Computerlinguistik bei der thematischen Abfrage einer mehrsprachigen bibliographischen Datenbank. Das Verbundsystem NEBIS (Netzwerk von Bibliotheken und Informationsstellen in der Schweiz) wurde durch computerlinguistische Komponenten ergänzt, um die thematische Abfrage in den drei Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch effektiver und benutzerfreundlicher zu machen.

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Content

Bericht zur Veranstaltung 'Internationalität in der Sacherschließung: MACS und DDC' am 22.11.2001 in Frankfurt am Main

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Abstract

In this paper, after an introduction about problems of multilingual information languages, the rules and recommendations of the Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri for non-equivalence and partial equivalence of terms in different languages are discussed. Artificial terms are not very useful in searching, because most users are not willing to use a thesaurus to find the right descriptor. On the other hand indexers need guidance on how to index and therefore need a thesaurus with all desirable and necessary relations. It is suggested that bibliographic online systems can take over some of the functions for the searcher from the thesaurus and that a few new relations could be helpful to an indexer

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Content

Beitrag während: World library and information congress: 74th IFLA general conference and council, 10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada. Vgl. auch: http://www.ibiblio.org/fred2.0/wordpress/?p=20 (mit Grafik der Beziehung zwischen 'mammal' und 'doorbell')

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Abstract

For the sake of national security, very large volumes of data and information are generated and gathered daily. Much of this data and information is written in different languages, stored in different locations, and may be seemingly unconnected. Crosslingual semantic interoperability is a major challenge to generate an overview of this disparate data and information so that it can be analyzed, shared, searched, and summarized. The recent terrorist attacks and the tragic events of September 11, 2001 have prompted increased attention an national security and criminal analysis. Many Asian countries and cities, such as Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore, have been advised that they may become the next targets of terrorist attacks. Semantic interoperability has been a focus in digital library research. Traditional information retrieval (IR) approaches normally require a document to share some common keywords with the query. Generating the associations for the related terms between the two term spaces of users and documents is an important issue. The problem can be viewed as the creation of a thesaurus. Apart from this, terrorists and criminals may communicate through letters, e-mails, and faxes in languages other than English. The translation ambiguity significantly exacerbates the retrieval problem. The problem is expanded to crosslingual semantic interoperability. In this paper, we focus an the English/Chinese crosslingual semantic interoperability problem. However, the developed techniques are not limited to English and Chinese languages but can be applied to many other languages. English and Chinese are popular languages in the Asian region. Much information about national security or crime is communicated in these languages. An efficient automatically generated thesaurus between these languages is important to crosslingual information retrieval between English and Chinese languages. To facilitate crosslingual information retrieval, a corpus-based approach uses the term co-occurrence statistics in parallel or comparable corpora to construct a statistical translation model to cross the language boundary. In this paper, the text based approach to align English/Chinese Hong Kong Police press release documents from the Web is first presented. We also introduce an algorithmic approach to generate a robust knowledge base based an statistical correlation analysis of the semantics (knowledge) embedded in the bilingual press release corpus. The research output consisted of a thesaurus-like, semantic network knowledge base, which can aid in semanticsbased crosslingual information management and retrieval.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.3, S.272-281

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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"Unsere Sitzung fand diesmal am 13. 9. 2005 in Bozen im Rahmen der ODOK statt. Es waren daher auch viele interessierte Südtiroler und italienische Sacherschließungskollegen/-innen zu Gast. Eine der beiden Konferenzsprachen war Englisch, und so konnten wir Mehrsprachigkeit, das Thema unserer Sitzung und der beiden Gastvorträge, gleich selbst praktizieren. Patrice LANDRY, der Leiter der Sacherschließung an derSLB in Bern, der seit kurzem den Vorsitz der IFLA-Sektion "Classification and Indexing" und der Arbeitsgruppe "Guidelines for subject access for national bibliographic agencies" übernommen hatte, referierte über den jüngsten Stand des Projekts MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) und ließ uns am Nachmittag in seinem Workshop hinter die Kulissen der bereits mit echten Titeldaten operierenden Suchoberfläche blicken. Er zeigte die verschiedenen Recherche- und Editier-Funktionen im Management Linking System und brachte Beispiele für die kooperative Bearbeitung an einigen Datensätzen der bisher bereits miteinander verzahnten Normdateien SWD, LCSH und RAMEAU. Schließlich eröffnete er Ausblicke auf die künftige Einbindung weiterer Sprachen, etwa des Italienischen durch den Soggetario und auf die Anreicherung der Daten, etwa mit DDC-Notationen durch die Nähe zum DDB-Projekt "CrissCross". Federica PARADISI, die in der Sacherschließungsabteilung der BNC in Florenz sowohl für die italienische Übersetzung der DDC und deren Anwendung in ganz Italien als auch für die Überarbeitung des seit 1956 existierenden italienischen Wortschatzes für die verbale Erschließung und für dessen Aufbereitung zu einer modernen, bald auch elektronischen Normdatei zuständig ist und an der Erstellung der italienischen Nationalbibliografie mitwirkt, hat zuletzt gemeinsam mit Anna Lucarelli den Prototyp des "Nuovo Soggetario" erarbeitet und stellte dieses umfangreiche Projekt vor. Der von ihr skizzierte Zeitplan gibt Anlass zur Hoffnung, dass MACS für die Auffindung beschlagworteter Literatur in Bibliothekskatalogen schon in einem Jahr um einen sprachlichen Zugang reicher sein könnte. Beide Gastreferenten/-innen standen dem Auditorium im Anschluss an die Präsentationen für Fragen zur Verfügung, und die neuen fachlichen Kontakte vertieften sich in den Pausengesprächen noch mehr. Vor der Führung durch die Dewey-Ausstellung im Lichthof der UB Bozen demonstrierte Margit SANDNER zum Abschluss dieses multilingualen Sacherschließungsnachmittags mit einigen Beispielen in deutscherSprache die Suchfunktionen in den beiden Webversionen von DDC Deutsch MelvilSearch (für OPACs) und MelvilClass (für das Klassifizieren) und kündigte an, dass ab Oktober bis Jahresende kostenlose Testaccounts vergeben werden. Wer daran interessiert ist, diese deutschsprachigen Webtools bereits auszuprobieren, wendet sich am besten direkt an Herrn Dr. Lars Svensson in Der Deutschen Bibliothek in Frankfurt: svensson@dbf.ddb.de. Die ab Jänner 2006 gültigen Lizenzbedingungen für "Melvil" entnehmen Sie bitte: http//www.ddc-deutsch.de/licence-melvil.html Noch zwei aktuelle Hinweise: - Informationstag der Arbeitsstelle für Standardisierung (DDB) über aktuelle Tendenzen in Sachen Regelwerke f. Formal- und Sacherschließung, Formate, Normdateien und Datentausch am 15. November in Wien. - Aufsatz über die Zukunft der SWD von Esther Scheven (BD 2005, H. 6, S. 748-773), in dem u. a. auch auf unsere seinerzeitige KofSE-Studie: Schlagwort "Benutzerforschung" ... (VÖB-Mitt. 1997, H. 3-4, S. 28-49) rekurriert wird."

Source

Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 58(2005) H.3, S.83-84

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Content

Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".

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Abstract

This poster explores the customization of DSpace to allow the use of the AGRIS Application Profile metadata standard and the AGROVOC thesaurus. The objective is the adaptation of DSpace, through the least invasive code changes either in the form of plug-ins or add-ons, to the specific needs of the Agricultural Sciences and Technology community. Metadata standards such as AGRIS AP, and Knowledge Organization Systems such as the AGROVOC thesaurus, provide mechanisms for sharing information in a standardized manner by recommending the use of common semantics and interoperable syntax (Subirats et al., 2007). AGRIS AP was created to enhance the description, exchange and subsequent retrieval of agricultural Document-like Information Objects (DLIOs). It is a metadata schema which draws from Metadata standards such as Dublin Core (DC), the Australian Government Locator Service Metadata (AGLS) and the Agricultural Metadata Element Set (AgMES) namespaces. It allows sharing of information across dispersed bibliographic systems (FAO, 2005). AGROVOC68 is a multilingual structured thesaurus covering agricultural and related domains. Its main role is to standardize the indexing process in order to make searching simpler and more efficient. AGROVOC is developed by FAO (Lauser et al., 2006). The customization of the DSpace is taking place in several phases. First, the AGRIS AP metadata schema was mapped onto the metadata DSpace model, with several enhancements implemented to support AGRIS AP elements. Next, AGROVOC will be integrated as a controlled vocabulary accessed through a local SKOS or OWL file. Eventually the system will be configurable to access AGROVOC through local files or remotely via webservices. Finally, spell checking and tooltips will be incorporated in the user interface to support metadata editing. Adapting DSpace to support AGRIS AP and annotation using the semantically-rich AGROVOC thesaurus transform DSpace into a powerful, domain-specific system for annotation and exchange of bibliographic metadata in the agricultural domain.

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Abstract

Klassische bibliothekarische Indexierungswerkzeuge werden bis heute nur selten fürs Retrieval nutzbar gemacht; die Wichtigkeit, verschiedene dieser Vokabularien zu harmonisieren und integriert zu verwenden, ist noch immer keine Selbstverständlichkeit. Im Rahmen des DFG-Projektes "CrissCross" wird, ausgehend von der deutschen Ausgabe der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation, eine Verknüpfung zwischen der DDC und der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) aufgebaut, um eine verbale Suche über klassifikatorisch erschlossene Bestände zu ermöglichen. Als Verbreiterung der Basis des verbalen Zugriffs wird außerdem das Mapping der amerikanischen LCSH und des französischen RAMEAU angestrebt. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung von CrissCross und der Abgrenzung gegenüber ähnlichen Unterfangen werden Rückwirkungen semantischer Integration auf die verknüpften Vokabulare diskutiert. Wie müssen und können sich z.B. Thesauri verändern, wenn sie mit anderen (strukturheterologen) Systemen verknüpft sind? Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt der Analyse auf dem semantischen Verhältnis üblicher Mappingrelationen zu den verknüpften Begriffen (besonders im Hinblick auf Polysemie). Außerdem wird der Mehrwert fürs Retrieval auf der Basis solcher Wissensorganisationssysteme, z.B. durch automatisierten Zugriff über Ontologien, diskutiert.

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Content

Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".