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Footnote

Though the book definitely meets a need for an up-to-date introduction to library information systems and associated management issues, and the emphasis an management issues means that it will not date too quickly, there is room for improvement. Some topics are described too briefly to be useful, such as customization/personalization, which is covered in a single paragraph, and does not mention recent developments such as the MyLibrary concept. Other topics seem to have only a peripheral connection to the main chapter theme-for example, it is surprising to find a discussion of information literacy at the end of the chapter an system selection and implementation, and the material an personalization/customization is at the end of the discussion of intranets. Despite these comments, 1 would consider using this as a textbook in an introductory course an library automation or information technology, and practitioners who want to upgrade their knowledge of current practices and issues will also find it useful. People who are primarily interested in a specific topic, such as information systems planning or system selection and implementation are likely to find more specialized books such as Planning for Integrated Systems and Technologies: A How-to-Do-It Manual for Librarians by John M. Cohn, Anne L. Kelsey, and Keith Michael Fiels (New York: Neal-Schuman, 2001) more useful."

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Footnote

Zugl.: Wien, Univ., Diss., 2007. - Rez. in: ZfBB 55(2008) H.6, S.360-361 (L. Heller): "Was grenzt eine Bibliographie von einem Bibliothekskatalog oder auch einem Literaturverzeichnis ab? Welche Gegenstände, Personen(gruppen) und Räume sind lohnende Objekte einer jeweils eigenständigen und möglichst umfassenden bibliographischen Erschließung? Wie kann eine solche Erschließung für die Literatursuchenden wirklich nützlich sein? - Fragen wie diese zeigen, wie groß und wie schwer zu fassen das Konzept »Bibliographie« bisher schon immerwar. Wie viel komplexer und anspruchsvoller das Bereitstellen einer zeitgemäßen, nützlichen bibliographischen Dienstleistung im Internetzeitalter ist, hat sich der Bibliothekar Dirk Wissen in seinem Buch »Zukunft der Bibliographie - Bibliographie der Zukunft« gefragt. Es dürfte sich um eine der ersten deutschsprachigen Dissertationsschriften handeln, die explizit den Themenbereich »Bibliothek 2.0« und »Archiv 2.0« behandeln. Diese beiden Stichworte spielen auf das »Web 2.0« an, einen Begriff, mit dem der Computer-Buchverleger Tim O'Reilly 2005 eine grobe begriffliche Zusammenfassung neuerer, partizipativer Entwicklungen im Internet, wie beispielsweise das freie Online-Lexikon Wikipedia, prägte. Wissen versucht, anhand von Einschätzungen und Erwartungen der Leiter einiger bedeutender Archive, Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen im deutschen Sprachraum herauszufinden, wie bibliographische Dienstleistungen der nahen Zukunft aussehen könnten. Kommerzielle Unternehmen sind dabei nur mit einer Institution vertreten, dem ekz, während traditionelle Universitätsbibliotheken recht zahlreich repräsentiert sind. Akkurat und nachvollziehbar führte der Autor über mehrere Runden Interviews mit diesem Personenkreis durch, legt den Befragten Thesen vor und lässt sie diese bewerten.

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Content

KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND RETRIEVAL Sabine Mas, L'Hedi Zäher and Manuel Zacklad. Design and Evaluation of Multi-viewed Knowledge System for Administrative Electronic Document Organization. - Xu Chen. The Influence of Existing Consistency Measures on the Relationship Between Indexing Consistency and Exhaustivity. - Michael Buckland and Ryan Shaw. 4W Vocabulary Mapping Across Diverse Reference Genres. - Abdus Sattar Chaudhry and Christopher S. G. Khoo. A Survey of the Top-level Categories in the Structure of Corporate Websites. - Nicolas L. George, Elin K. Jacob, Lijiang Guo, Lala Hajibayova and M Yasser Chuttur. A Case Study of Tagging Patteras in del.icio.us. - Kwan Yi and Lois Mai Chan. A Visualization Software Tool for Library of Congress Subject Headings. - Gercina Angela Borem Oliveira Lima. Hypertext Model - HTXM: A Model for Hypertext Organization of Documents. - Ali Shiri and Thane Chambers. Information Retrieval from Digital Libraries: Assessing the Potential Utility of Thesauri in Supporting Users' Search Behaviour in an Interdisciplinary Domain. - Verönica Vargas and Catalina Naumis. Water-related Language Analysis: The Need for a Thesaurus of Mexican Terminology. - Amanda Hill. What's in a Name?: Prototyping a Name Authority Service for UK Repositories. - Rick Szostak and Claudio Gnoli. Classifying by Phenomena, Theories and Methods: Examples with Focused Social Science Theories.

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Content

"Am Anfang war der Schock Ohne Satelliten gäbe es womöglich gar kein Internet. Denn als Antwort auf den Sputnik-Schock gründet die US-Regierung 1957 ihre neues Forschungszentrum Arpa (Advanced Research Projects Agency). Nachdem die Wissenschaftler in 18 Monaten den ersten US-Satelliten gebaut haben, entwicklen sie Computernetzwerke. Die Dezentralität ist ihnen besonders wichtig. Die verschickten Informationen werden in Pakete zerteilt und über verschiedene Wege zum Empfänger geschickt. Fällt unterwegs ein Knoten aus, etwa im Krieg, suchen sich die Teile der Botschaft den unbeschädigten Weg. Die Kommunikation ist so kaum zu unterbinden. Das Arpanet gilt als die Geburtsstunde des Internet. Die Universität Los Angeles (UCLA) verbindet sich 1969 mit dem Rechner von Stanford. Als erste Botschaft ist das Wort "login" verabredet. Doch nach dem L und dem O ist Schluss. Die Verbindung ist zusammengebrochen, die Revolution hat begonnen. Über das rasant wachsende Netz tauschen sich Forscher aus. Damals lässt sich das Netz aber nur von Profis nutzen. Erst mit der Entwicklung des World Wide Web am Kernforschungszentrum Cern bekommt das Netz Anfang der 90er Jahre das Gesicht, das wir heute kennen."

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Content

Computer vision specialists said that despite the improvements, these software systems had made only limited progress toward the goal of digitally duplicating human vision and, even more elusive, understanding. "I don't know that I would say this is 'understanding' in the sense we want," said John R. Smith, a senior manager at I.B.M.'s T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. "I think even the ability to generate language here is very limited." But the Google and Stanford teams said that they expect to see significant increases in accuracy as they improve their software and train these programs with larger sets of annotated images. A research group led by Tamara L. Berg, a computer scientist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is training a neural network with one million images annotated by humans. "You're trying to tell the story behind the image," she said. "A natural scene will be very complex, and you want to pick out the most important objects in the image.""

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.10, S.982-983 (L. Schamber): "This book is the most recent of only about half a dozen research methods textbooks published for information science since 1980. Like the others, it is directed toward students and information professionals at an introductory level. Unlike the others, it describes an unusually wide variety of research methods, especially qualitative methods. This book is Australian, with a concern for human behavior in keeping with that country's reputation for research in the social sciences and development of qualitative data analysis software. The principal author is Kirsty Williamson, who wrote or co-wrote half the chapters. Eleven other authors contributed: Amanda Bow, Frada Burstein, Peta Darke, Ross Harvey, Graeme Johanson, Sue McKemmish, Majola Oosthuizen, Solveiga Saule, Don Schauder, Graeme Shanks, and Kerry Tanner. These writers, most of whom are affiliated with Monash University or Charles Sturt University, represent multidisciplinary and international backgrounds. The field they call information management and systems merges interests of information management or information studies (including librarianship, archives, and records management), and information systems, a subdiscipline of computing that focuses an information and communication technologies. The stated purpose of the book is to help information professionals become informed and critical consumers of research, not necessarily skilled researchers. It is geared toward explaining not only methodology, but also the philosophy, relevance, and process of research as a whole. The Introduction and Section 1 establish these themes. Chapter 1, an research and professional practice, explains the value of research for solving practical problems, maintaining effective Services, demonstrating accountability, and generally contributing to useful knowledge in the field. Chapter 2 an major research traditions presents a broad picture of positivist and interpretivist paradigms, along with a middle ground of post-positivism, in such a way as to help the new researcher grasp the assumptions underlying research. Woven into this Chapter is an explanation of how quantitative and qualitative methods complement each other, and how methodological triangulation provides confirmatory benefits. Chapter 3 offers instructions for beginning a research project, from development of the research problem, questions, and hypotheses to understanding the role of theory and synthesizing the literature review. Chapter 4 an research ethics covers unethical use of power positions by researchers, falsifying data, and plagiarism, along with general information an human subjects protections and roles of ethics committees. It includes intriguing examples of ethics cases to stimulate discussion.

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Content

"Trends und Perspektiven bildeten die Eckpunkte des Vortragsrahmens dieser dreitägigen Tagung in den Räumen Der Deutschen Bibliothek. Veranstaltet wurde die 7. InetBib-Tagung von der Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund diesmal in Kooperation mit Der Deutschen Bibliothek, dem Deutschen Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (dipf) und der Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt. Mit 309 Anmeldungen, 19 Vorträgen, 4 Workshops und 21 Ausstellern haben die Organisatoren ein beeindruckendes Programm zusammengestellt, in dessen Vorbereitung allein der Administrator der Inetbib-Liste Michael Schaarwächter 609 Emails austauschte. Die modernen Räume Der Deutschen Bibliothek und das unermüdliche Engagement der Organistoren haben der Tagung eine besondere Note gegeben. Aufgrund der Vielzahl der Vorträge werden hier nur einige referiert. Das Programm sowie die Abstracts und die Volltexte der Präsentationen sind auf der Homepage der Tagung verfügbar. Für den Eröffnungsvortrag konnte der Vorsitzende des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Prof. José L. Encarnacao gewonnen werden. Mit Video-Präsentationen stellte er laufende Projekte seines Instituts vor, die in wenigen Jahren Produktionsreife erlangen, und das Arbeiten mit Computern erleichtern und effizienter gestalten werden. Er skizzierte dabei eine Zukunft, in der der Mensch von intelligenten technischen Gegenständen des Alltags umgeben ist, die miteinander kommunizieren und die Absichten des Benutzers aus dem Kontext heraus erkennen sowie Aktivitäten antizipieren. Die Vision sei der im Mittelpunkt stehende Mensch, der sich der Technik bediene, statt sich ihr anzupassen.

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Editor

Theng, Y.-L. u. S. Foo

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Footnote

The many hands-on examples throughout the book and the four case studies at the end of the book are obvious strong points linking theory with practice. The four case studies are very useful, and it is hard to find such cases in the literature since few companies want to publicize such information. The four case studies are not just simple repeats; they are very different from each other and provide readers specific examples to analyze and follow. Web Usability is an excellent textbook, with a wrap-up (including discussion questions, design exercises, and suggested reading) at the end of each chapter. Each wrap-up first outlines where the focus should be placed, corresponding to what was presented at the very beginning of each chapter. Discussion questions help recall in an active way the main points in each chapter. The design exercises make readers apply to a design project what they have just obtained from the chapter, leading to a deeper understanding of knowledge. Suggested reading provides additional information sources for people who want to further study the research topic, which bridges the educational community back to academia. The book is enhanced by two universal resource locators (URLs) linking to the Addison-Wesley instructor resource center (http://www. aw.com/irc) and the Web-Star survey and project deliverables (http:// www. aw.com/cssupport), respectively. There are valuable resources in these two URLs, which can be used together with Web Usability. Like the Web, books are required to possess good information architecture to facilitate understanding. Fortunately, Web Usability has very clear information architecture. Chap. 1 introduces the user-centered Web-development life cycle, which is composed of seven stages. Chap. 2 discusses Stage l, chaps. 3 and 4 detail Stage 2, chaps. 5 through 7 outline Stage 3, and chaps. 8 through I1 present Stages 4 through 7, respectively. In chaps. 2 through 11, details (called "methods" in this review) are given for every stage of the methodology. The main clue of the book is how to design a new Web site; however, this does not mean that Web redesign is trivial and ignored. The author mentions Web redesign issues from time to time, and a dedicated section is presented to discuss redesign in chaps. 2, 3, 10, and 11.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.11, S.1025-1026 (D.E. Agosto): ""Did you ever feel as though the Internet has caused you to lose control of your library?" So begins the introduction to this volume of over 50 articles, essays, library policies, and other documents from a variety of sources, most of which are library journals aimed at practitioners. Volume editor Block has a long history of library service as well as an active career as an online journalist. From 1977 to 1999 she was the Associate Director of Public Services at the St. Ambrose University library in Davenport, Iowa. She was also a Fox News Online weekly columnist from 1998 to 2000. She currently writes for and publishes the weekly ezine Exlibris, which focuses an the use of computers, the Internet, and digital databases to improve library services. Despite the promising premise of this book, the final product is largely a disappointment because of the superficial coverage of its issues. A listing of the most frequently represented sources serves to express the general level and style of the entries: nine articles are reprinted from Computers in Libraries, five from Library Journal, four from Library Journal NetConnect, four from ExLibris, four from American Libraries, three from College & Research Libraries News, two from Online, and two from The Chronicle of Higher Education. Most of the authors included contributed only one item, although Roy Tennant (manager of the California Digital Library) authored three of the pieces, and Janet L. Balas (library information systems specialist at the Monroeville Public Library in Pennsylvania) and Karen G. Schneider (coordinator of lii.org, the Librarians' Index to the Internet) each wrote two. Volume editor Block herself wrote six of the entries, most of which have been reprinted from ExLibris. Reading the volume is muck like reading an issue of one of these journals-a pleasant experience that discusses issues in the field without presenting much research. Net Effects doesn't offer much in the way of theory or research, but then again it doesn't claim to. Instead, it claims to be an "idea book" (p. 5) with practical solutions to Internet-generated library problems. While the idea is a good one, little of the material is revolutionary or surprising (or even very creative), and most of the solutions offered will already be familiar to most of the book's intended audience.

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Content

In dieser Sichtweise sind intellektuelle Schlüsselerlebnisse großer Mathematikerbiographien weniger Bewegungsstadien eines Schwungrads als ablesbare Pegelstände auf Meßinstrumenten; es ist, wie Atiyah schreibt, der "Druck der Ereignisse" im Wissenschaftssystem in toto, der den Fortschritt erzwingt. So listet denn auch Michael Monastyrsky, dessen "Geschmack und Übersicht" in diesen Dingen vom Physiker, Autor populärwissenschaftlicher Bücher und Kenner der Materie Freeman Dyson besonders hervorgehoben werden, in seinem kleinen Buch "Die moderne Mathematik im Lichte der Fields-Medaille" von 1998 nicht einfach positivistisch Namen und Leistungen der Preisträger auf, sondern ordnet den in der Medaillengeschichte aufgehobenen Fortschritt nach Feldern - Topologie, Zahlentheorie, Algebra und so weiter -, obwohl es "Kategorien" etwa im Sinne des Disziplinensystems beim Nobelpreis für die FieldsMedaille nicht gibt. Jenseits der so entworfenen Karte der mathematischen Welt mit mal produktiven, mal unproduktiven Standorten erinnert Monastyrsky in seiner Monographie aber auch an den geographischen und historischen Zufall, der hier wie überall sonst in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte mehr Macht ausübt als selbst das erlesenste Preiskomitee. - Die Objektivität hörte an der russischen Grenze auf - "Wenn die sowjetischen Mathematiker nicht zwangsweise vom Rest der mathematischen Welt isoliert .worden wären, hätte er den Preis gewiß erhalten", schreibt der Fields-Chronist über Lew Genrichowitsch Schnirelman, einen 1905 geborenen russischen Mathematiker, der sich aus bis heute ungeklärten Gründen 1938 das Leben nahm, nachdem er zusammen mit L. A. Ljusternik ein schwieriges Problem aus der Geometrie gelöst, einen neuen Begriff ins Fachgebiet der Topologie eingebracht und auch als Zahlentheoretiker Bedeutendes geleistet hatte. Die nüchterne Feststellung, daß dieser Mann die Medaille nicht bekommen hat, die doch nach objektiven Kriterien für ebenso objektive Errungenschaften verliehen werden soll, die er ja vorzuweisen hatte, ist ebenso lakonisch wie bewegend, das in ihr hörbare Echo der IkarosGeschichte leise, aber durchdringend. Ein anderer Fall eines potentiellen Preisträgers, der die Medaille nie bekam, ist zur Zeit im Kino zu besichtigen: John Forbes Nash Jr., dem man, wie es in der deutschen Synchronfassung des Films "A Beautiful Mind" unter Tilgung des Preiseigennamens heißt, "den Mathematikerpreis" vorenthalten hat. Schöner kann man nicht behaupten, daß es im Grunde nur diesen einen geben könne. Nash wäre sehr gern Preisträger gewesen - er hat nicht nur, wie "A Beautiful Mind" zeigt, der Spieltheorie John von Neumanns und Oskar Morgensterns wichtige Gedanken hinzugefügt, sondern auch Probleme der reinen Mathematik wie die Einbettung sogenannter Riemannscher Mannigfaltigkeiten (gleichsam einer besonderen Art abstrakter Flächen) in euklidische (das heißt den Gesetzen der Schulgeometrie entsprechende sozusagen "flache") Räume untersucht, wobei ihm wichtige Funde glückten. Wie seine Biographin Sylvia Nasar, auf deren Werk das Filmdrehbuch basiert, ausführlich schildert, hat Nash persönlich einige zum Teil tragikomische Anstrengungen unternommen, um sich die "Auszeichnung aller Auszeichnungen" (Nasar) für das Jahr 1958 zu sichern. Er ging leer aus; bei der nächsten Gelegenheit, 1962, war es, um die Kränkung vollkommen zu machen, sogar ein persönlicher Bekannter und Kollege am selben Arbeitsplatz, der die Medaille an Nashs Stelle erhielt: der Princetoner Mathematiker John Milnor, mit dem Nash eine etwas instabile Freundschaft verband. Anders als Nash hatte Milnor nicht lange nach preiswürdigen Problemen suchen müssen; sein Beweis, daß eine siebendimensionale Sphäre verschiedene Differentialstrukturen haben kann, beeindruckte nicht nur das Fields-Komitee, sondern war auch der Keim eines neuen eigenständigen Feldes, der sogenannten Differentialtopologie.