Search (8 results, page 1 of 1)

  • × author_ss:"Hjoerland, B."
  • × year_i:[2020 TO 2030}
  1. Hjoerland, B.: Table of contents (ToC) (2022) 0.01
    0.014517335 = product of:
      0.02903467 = sum of:
        0.013020686 = weight(_text_:for in 1096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.013020686 = score(doc=1096,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.14668301 = fieldWeight in 1096, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1096)
        0.016013984 = product of:
          0.032027967 = sum of:
            0.032027967 = weight(_text_:22 in 1096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.032027967 = score(doc=1096,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.16556148 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.047278564 = queryNorm
                0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 1096, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1096)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(2/4)
    
    Abstract
    A table of contents (ToC) is a kind of document representation as well as a paratext and a kind of finding device to the document it represents. TOCs are very common in books and some other kinds of documents, but not in all kinds. This article discusses the definition and functions of ToC, normative guidelines for their design, and the history and forms of ToC in different kinds of documents and media. A main part of the article is about the role of ToC in information searching, in current awareness services and as items added to bibliographical records. The introduction and the conclusion focus on the core theoretical issues concerning ToCs. Should they be document-oriented or request-oriented, neutral, or policy-oriented, objective, or subjective? It is concluded that because of the special functions of ToCs, the arguments for the request-oriented (policy-oriented, subjective) view are weaker than they are in relation to indexing and knowledge organization in general. Apart from level of granularity, the evaluation of a ToC is difficult to separate from the evaluation of the structuring and naming of the elements of the structure of the document it represents.
    Date
    18.11.2023 13:47:22
  2. Lardera, M.; Hjoerland, B.: Keyword (2021) 0.01
    0.0061762533 = product of:
      0.024705013 = sum of:
        0.024705013 = weight(_text_:for in 591) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.024705013 = score(doc=591,freq=10.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.27831143 = fieldWeight in 591, product of:
              3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                10.0 = termFreq=10.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=591)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    This article discusses the different meanings of 'keyword' and related terms such as 'keyphrase', 'descriptor', 'index term', 'subject heading', 'tag' and 'n-gram' and suggests definitions of each of these terms. It further illustrates a classification of keywords, based on how they are produced or who is the actor generating them and present comparison between author-assigned keywords, indexer-assigned keywords and reader-assigned keywords as well as the automatic generation of keywords. The article also considers the functions of keywords including the use of keywords for generating bibliographic indexes. The theoretical view informing the article is that the assignment of a keyword to a text, picture or other document involves an interpretation of the document and an evaluation of the document's potentials for users. This perspective is important for both manually assigned keywords and for automated generation and is opposed to a strong tendency to consider a set of keywords as ideally presenting one best representation of a document for all requests.
  3. Hjoerland, B.: Education in knowledge organization (KO) (2023) 0.01
    0.005638122 = product of:
      0.022552488 = sum of:
        0.022552488 = weight(_text_:for in 1124) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.022552488 = score(doc=1124,freq=12.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.2540624 = fieldWeight in 1124, product of:
              3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                12.0 = termFreq=12.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1124)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    This article provides analyses, describes dilemmas, and suggests way forwards in the teaching of knowl­edge organization (KO). The general assumption of the article is that theoretical problems in KO must be the point of departure for teaching KO. Section 2 addresses the teaching of practical, applied and professional KO, focusing on learning about specific knowl­edge organization systems (KOS), specific standards, and specific methods for organizing knowl­edge, but provides arguments for not isolating these aspects from theoretical issues. Section 3 is about teaching theoretical and academic KO, in which the focus is on examining the bases on which KOSs and knowl­edge organization processes such as classifying and indexing are founded. This basically concerns concepts and conceptual relations and should not be based on prejudices about the superiority of either humans or computers for KO. Section 4 is about the study of education in KO, which is considered important because it is about how the field is monitoring itself and about how it should be shaping its own future. Section 5 is about the role of the ISKO Encyclopedia of Knowl­edge Organization in education of KO, emphasizing the need for an interdisciplinary source that may help improve the conceptual clarity in the field. The conclusion suggests some specific recommendations for curricula in KO based on the author's view of KO.
  4. Hjoerland, B.: Description: Its meaning, epistemology, and use with emphasis on information science (2023) 0.00
    0.003986755 = product of:
      0.01594702 = sum of:
        0.01594702 = weight(_text_:for in 1193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.01594702 = score(doc=1193,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.17964928 = fieldWeight in 1193, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1193)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    This study examines the concept of "description" and its theoretical foundations. The literature about it is surprisingly limited, and its usage is vague, sometimes even conflicting. Description should be considered in relation to other processes, such as representation, data capturing, and categorizing, which raises the question about what it means to describe something. Description is often used for any type of predication but may better be limited to predications based on observations. Research aims to establish criteria for making optimal descriptions; however, the problems involved in describing something have seldom been addressed. Specific ideals are often followed without examine their fruitfulness. This study provides evidence that description cannot be a neutral, objective activity; rather, it is a theory-laden and interest-based activity. In information science, description occurs in processes such as document description, descriptive metadata assignment, and information resource description. In this field, description has equally been used in conflicting ways that mostly do not evince a recognition of the value- and theory-laden nature of descriptions. It is argued that descriptive activities in information science should always be based on consciously explicit considerations of the goals that descriptions are meant to serve.
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 74(2023) no.13, S.1532-1549
  5. Hjoerland, B.: Terminology (2023) 0.00
    0.0032224553 = product of:
      0.012889821 = sum of:
        0.012889821 = weight(_text_:for in 1122) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.012889821 = score(doc=1122,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.14520876 = fieldWeight in 1122, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1122)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    This article introduces the field of terminology, which often considers the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster as its founder in the 1930s, although important principles go back in time, in particular to 18th and 19th century botanists, zoologists and chemists. The contributions of Wüster are presented, as well as the alternative theories, with their criticism of Wüster's position, which came to influence the field after 1990. The article further suggests that domain-analytic studies based on epistemological studies of knowledge domains seems to have been overlooked. The relations between terminology and knowledge organization are addressed, and closer cooperation between the two fields is called for.
  6. Schöpfel, J.; Farace, D.; Prost, H.; Zane, A.; Hjoerland, B.: Data documents (2021) 0.00
    0.0027621046 = product of:
      0.0110484185 = sum of:
        0.0110484185 = weight(_text_:for in 586) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0110484185 = score(doc=586,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.12446466 = fieldWeight in 586, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=586)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    This article presents and discusses different kinds of data documents, including data sets, data studies, data papers and data journals. It provides descriptive and bibliometric data on different kinds of data documents and discusses the theoretical and philosophical problems by classifying documents according to the DIKW model (data documents, information documents, knowl­edge documents and wisdom documents). Data documents are, on the one hand, an established category today, even with its own data citation index (DCI). On the other hand, data documents have blurred boundaries in relation to other kinds of documents and seem sometimes to be understood from the problematic philosophical assumption that a datum can be understood as "a single, fixed truth, valid for everyone, everywhere, at all times".
  7. Hjoerland, B.: Science, Part I : basic conceptions of science and the scientific method (2021) 0.00
    0.0023017537 = product of:
      0.009207015 = sum of:
        0.009207015 = weight(_text_:for in 594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009207015 = score(doc=594,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.103720546 = fieldWeight in 594, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=594)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    This article is the first in a trilogy about the concept "science". Section 1 considers the historical development of the meaning of the term science and shows its close relation to the terms "knowl­edge" and "philosophy". Section 2 presents four historic phases in the basic conceptualizations of science (1) science as representing absolute certain of knowl­edge based on deductive proof; (2) science as representing absolute certain of knowl­edge based on "the scientific method"; (3) science as representing fallible knowl­edge based on "the scientific method"; (4) science without a belief in "the scientific method" as constitutive, hence the question about the nature of science becomes dramatic. Section 3 presents four basic understandings of the scientific method: Rationalism, which gives priority to a priori thinking; empiricism, which gives priority to the collection, description, and processing of data in a neutral way; historicism, which gives priority to the interpretation of data in the light of "paradigm" and pragmatism, which emphasizes the analysis of the purposes, consequences, and the interests of knowl­edge. The second article in the trilogy focus on different fields studying science, while the final article presets further developments in the concept of science and the general conclusion. Overall, the trilogy illuminates the most important tensions in different conceptualizations of science and argues for the role of information science and knowl­edge organization in the study of science and suggests how "science" should be understood as an object of research in these fields.
  8. Hjoerland, B.: Bibliographical control (2023) 0.00
    0.0023017537 = product of:
      0.009207015 = sum of:
        0.009207015 = weight(_text_:for in 1131) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009207015 = score(doc=1131,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08876751 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.047278564 = queryNorm
            0.103720546 = fieldWeight in 1131, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.8775425 = idf(docFreq=18385, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1131)
      0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
    Abstract
    Section 1 of this article discusses the concept of bibliographical control and makes a distinction between this term, "bibliographical description," and related terms, which are often confused in the literature. It further discusses the function of bibliographical control and criticizes Patrick Wilson's distinction between "exploitative control" and "descriptive control." Section 2 presents projects for establishing bibliographic control from the Library of Alexandria to the Internet and Google, and it is found that these projects have often been dominated by a positivist dream to make all information in the world available to everybody. Section 3 discusses the theoretical problems of providing comprehensive coverage and retrieving documents represented in databases and argues that 100% coverage and retrievability is an unobtainable ideal. It is shown that bibliographical control has been taken very seriously in the field of medicine, where knowledge of the most important findings is of utmost importance. In principle, it is equally important in all other domains. The conclusion states that the alternative to a positivist dream of complete bibliographic control is a pragmatic philosophy aiming at optimizing bibliographic control supporting specific activities, perspectives, and interests.