Search (1583 results, page 1 of 80)

  • × theme_ss:"Informationsdienstleistungen"
  1. Bryson, J.: Managing information services : an integrated approach (1997) 0.10 
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    Date
    31.12.1998 22:01:11
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.2, S.146-148 (S.P. Webb)
  2. Nicholas, D.: Assessing information needs : tools and techniques (1996) 0.08 
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    Date
    26. 2.2008 19:22:51
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Assignation. 14(1997) no.2, S.24 (S. Vogel); Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.1, S.68 (J. Secker)
  3. Julien, H.: Bibliographic instruction trends in Canadian academic libraries (1997) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Determines how bibliographic instruction in Canadian academic libraries is evolving to meet this need in the current dynamic environment. The survey data revealed that traditional content and delivery continues to be stressed. Technology is reportedly changing bibliographic instruction in positive ways, towards the teaching of critical evaluation and research strategies and incorporating more hand-on user training
    Source
    Canadian journal of information and library science. 22(1997) no.2, S.1-15
  4. Rowley, J.: ¬The changing face of current awareness services (1998) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Presents a state of the art review of current awareness services in 1997 noting: the components of typical current awareness services; the range and types of databases that may be scanned during searches; and the role of feedback and document delivery mechanisms. Includes a checklist of criteria which may be used to evaluate current awreness services, including: database coverage; timeliness and currency; cost; and mechansims for creating and maintaining user SDI profiles. Discusses the main types of current awareness services: contents page services; abstracting and indexing services; and integrated online products (such as Engineering Index's Engineering Village), including SDI. Considers the concept of currency and remarks on the tendency for current awareness services to be products of a producer led rather than a user led culture
    Date
    9. 2.1997 18:44:22
    22. 2.1999 17:48:45
    Source
    Journal of librarianship and information science. 30(1998) no.3, S.177-183
  5. Cromer, D.E.; Testi, A.R.: Integrated continuing education for reference librarians (1994) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Professional librarians operate in an environment characterized by a high level of change. In order to respond to this information environment, it is essential for science and engineering librarians to keep pace with the staggering growth in research information and resources, and with the heightened expectation of the populations with which they interact. The paradox of the need for subject specificity coupled with the need for diversity of subject knowledge presents reference librarians with an unusual challenge. Continuing education programs that are woven into the fabric of job responsibilities can be utilized effectively to enhance the abilities of reference librarians and the quality of services delivered. In this article, Cromer and Testi present a model of a structured, integrated continuing education program for reference librarians utilized at the University of New Mexico's Centennial Science and Engineering Library
    Source
    Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.51-58
  6. Broady, J.E.: Costing of bibliographic services (1997) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Although traditionally, costing is an activity which information professionals have not needed to undertake, increasing emphasis on demonstrating value for money in service provision has led to a growing awareness of the need to cost service activity. Discusses the basics of costing library activities, noting types of costs (direct costs and indirect costs; fixed costs and variable costs). Describes 2 basic approaches to costing: marginal costing; and total absorption or absorption costing and illustrates the principles involved using library based examples. Argues that, although librarians focus on the needs of their users, they must have a knowledge of and an ability to undertake costing if they are to provide services that are effectively designed and delivered. Concludes that, without such knowledge and ability, library managers must eventually lose their central role in the planning and control of these services
    Date
    9. 2.1997 18:44:22
    22. 9.1997 18:41:15
    Source
    Journal of librarianship and information science. 29(1997) no.2, S.89-94
  7. Smet, E. de: Evaluation of a computerised community information system through transaction analysis and user survey (1995) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Reports on the results of a transaction analysis and user survey, evaluating a pilot system for computerized community information in a public library, based on the GDIS system (Gemeenschaps Informatie Documentair System). The non hierarchical and global approach to the integrated database proved to be useful for novice users. Out of many parameters only frequency of use correlates with retrieval success. The online questionnaire proved to be worthwhile although restricted in scope. The logbook transaction analysis yielded a rich amount of useful management information for the systems managers. The user survey yielded a rich set of data on which to perform statistical analyses according to social science practice, from which some interesting relations could be detected
    Date
    23.10.1995 19:22:11
  8. Shaw, D.: Challenges of information technology in improving information services (1997) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Reviews the significant changes in information technology over the last 50 years and considers the many implications for information services. The Internet, global access to distributed information sources, and remote users all present challenges to would-be providers of information services. As resources proliferate, the information professional must develop new methods for locating and accessing them: reliance on publishers and reviews is no longer sufficient. Information service providers can now serve more diverse clienteles, but must be aware of the greater range of information needs and styles of information seeking. The continuing challenge is to harness the information technologies to meet these needs
    Date
    22. 2.1999 16:50:03
    Source
    Journal of information; communication; and library science. 4(1997) no.1, S.3-9
  9. Pennanen, M.; Vakkari, P.: Students' conceptual structure, search process, and outcome while preparing a research proposal : a longitudinal case study (2003) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    This article focuses an analysing students' information needs in terms of conceptual understanding of the topic they propose to study and its consequences for the search process and outcome. The research subjects were 22 undergraduates of psychology attending a seminar for preparing a research proposal for a small empirical study. They were asked to make searches in the PsycINFO database for their task in the beginning and end of the seminar. A pre- and postsearch interview was conducted in both sessions. The students were asked to think aloud in the sessions. This was recorded, as were the transaction logs. The results show that during the preparation of research proposals different features of the students' conceptual structure were connected to the search success. Students' ability to cover their conceptual construct by query terms was the major feature affecting search success during the whole process. In the beginning also the number of concepts and the proportion of subconcepts in the construct contributed indirectly via search tactics to retrieving partly useful references. Students' ability to extract new query terms from retrieved items improved search results.
    Date
    19. 6.2003 17:22:33
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.8, S.759-770
  10. Lamb, R.; King, J.L.; Kling, R.: Informational environments : organizational contexts of online information use (2003) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    In this issue we begin with Lamb, King and Kling who are interested in the effect of the industry environment on information gathering practices, particularly those involving information and communication technologies like online searching. They studied use of online services in 26 widely differing California firms operating in law, real estate, or biotechnology over a 17 month period. Data was gathered through semi-structured on-site interviews. Five influences on online usage were identified: interaction with regulatory agencies; demonstration of competence to clients; client expectations for timely, cost effective information; the possibility of shifting information responsibilities outside the organization; and the existence of industry wide infrastructures as information sources. The institutional and technical environment of a firm consistently circumscribes the domain in which choices of online resources are made by its employees. Firms the operate in highly technical and institutional environments have more incentive to gather information than do those in low tech unregulated industries.
    Date
    5. 7.2006 18:43:22
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.2, S.97-114
  11. Lercher, A.: Efficiency of scientific communication : a survey of world science (2010) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The aim of this study was to measure the efficiency of the system by which scientists worldwide communicate results to each other, providing one measure of the degree to which the system, including all media, functions well. A randomly selected and representative sample of 246 active research scientists worldwide was surveyed. The main measure was the reported rate of "late finds": scientific literature that would have been useful to scientists' projects if it had been found at the beginning of these projects. The main result was that 46% of the sample reported late finds (±6.25%, p0.05). Among respondents from European Union countries or other countries classified as "high income" by the World Bank, 42% reported late finds. Among respondents from low- and middle-income countries, 56% reported late finds. The 42% rate in high-income countries in 2009 can be compared with results of earlier surveys by Martyn (1964a, b, 1987). These earlier surveys found a rate of 22% late finds in 1963-1964 and a rate of 27% in 1985-1986. Respondents were also queried about search habits, but this study failed to support any explanations for this increase in the rate of late finds. This study also permits a crude estimate of the cost in time and money of the increase in late finds.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.10, S.2049-2060
  12. Lin, S.-j.; Belkin, N.: Validation of a model of information seeking over multiple search sessions (2005) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Most information systems share a common assumption: information seeking is discrete. Such an assumption neither reflects real-life information seeking processes nor conforms to the perspective of phenomenology, "life is a journey constituted by continuous acquisition of knowledge." Thus, this study develops and validates a theoretical model that explains successive search experience for essentially the same information problem. The proposed model is called Multiple Information Seeking Episodes (MISE), which consists of four dimensions: problematic situation, information problem, information seeking process, episodes. Eight modes of multiple information seeking episodes are identified and specified with properties of the four dimensions of MISE. The results partially validate MISE by finding that the original MISE model is highly accurate, but less sufficient in characterizing successive searches; all factors in the MISE model are empirically confirmed, but new factors are identified as weIl. The revised MISE model is shifted from the user-centered to the interaction-centered perspective, taking into account factors of searcher, system, search activity, search context, information attainment, and information use activities.
    Date
    10. 4.2005 14:52:22
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.4, S.393-415
  13. Koopmans, N.I.: What's your question? : The need for research information from the perspective of different user groups (2002) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    In this paper results of a field study into the need for research information of different user groups are presented: scientists, policy makers and policy researchers, industry and media. Main questions of semi-structured interviews were: what kind of research information users need, what kind of research information resources are used and which information resources are missing at the moment. User groups are missing for a diversity of reasons the overview of research, experts and institutes in the different scientific fields. Especially for the accessibility and transparency of the scientific world these overviews are reported to be needed. Neither Google nor any of the research institutes or policy research organisations are able to present surveys for different science fields at the moment. Giving users the possibility to search, browse and navigate through accessible and more specialised layers of research information might give answers to different user groups simultaneously.
    Date
    2. 7.2005 12:22:50
  14. Kim, J.: Describing and predicting information-seeking behavior on the Web (2009) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    This study focuses on the task as a fundamental factor in the context of information seeking. The purpose of the study is to characterize kinds of tasks and to examine how different kinds of task give rise to different kinds of information-seeking behavior on the Web. For this, a model for information-seeking behavior was used employing dimensions of information-seeking strategies (ISS), which are based on several behavioral dimensions. The analysis of strategies was based on data collected through an experiment designed to observe users' behaviors. Three tasks were assigned to 30 graduate students and data were collected using questionnaires, search logs, and interviews. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data identified 14 distinct information-seeking strategies. The analysis showed significant differences in the frequencies and patterns of ISS employed between three tasks. The results of the study are intended to facilitate the development of task-based information-seeking models and to further suggest Web information system designs that support the user's diverse tasks.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:54:15
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.4, S.679-693
  15. Zhang, X.; Wang, D.; Tang, Y.; Xiao, Q.: How question type influences knowledge withholding in social Q&A community (2023) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Social question-and-answer (Q&A) communities are becoming increasingly important for knowledge acquisition. However, some users withhold knowledge, which can hinder the effectiveness of these platforms. Based on social exchange theory, the study investigates how different types of questions influence knowledge withholding, with question difficulty and user anonymity as boundary conditions. Two experiments were conducted to test hypotheses. Results indicate that informational questions are more likely to lead to knowledge withholding than conversational ones, as they elicit more fear of negative evaluation and fear of exploitation. The study also examines the interplay of question difficulty and user anonymity with question type. Overall, this study significantly extends the existing literature on counterproductive knowledge behavior by exploring the antecedents of knowledge withholding in social Q&A communities.
    Date
    22. 9.2023 13:51:47
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 74(2023) no.10, S.1170-1184
  16. Wilson, T.: ¬The information user : past, present and future (2009) 0.05 
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    Date
    8. 7.2010 19:09:22
    Source
    Information science in transition, Ed.: A. Gilchrist
  17. Covert and overt : recollecting and connecting intelligence service and information science (2005) 0.05 
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    Classification
    327.12 22
    Content
    Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.
    DDC
    327.12 22
    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
    The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
    This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."
    LCSH
    Information science
    Subject
    Information science
  18. Cole, C.; Behesthi, J.; Large, A.; Lamoureux, I.; Abuhimed, D.; AlGhamdi, M.: Seeking information for a middle school history project : the concept of implicit knowledge in the students' transition from Kuhlthau's Stage 3 to Stage 4 (2013) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The article reports the findings of a content analysis study of 16 student-group proposals for a grade eight history project. The students listed their topic and thesis in the proposal, and information in support of their thesis. The study's focus is this topic-to-thesis transition. The study's conceptual framework is Kuhlthau's six stage ISP Model's transition from exploring information in Stage 3 to formulating a focus or personal perspective on the assignment topic in Stage 4. Our study coding scheme identifies elements of the students' implicit knowledge in the 16 proposals. To validate implicit knowledge as a predictor of successful student performance, implicit knowledge was coded, scored, and then the correlation coefficient was established between the score and the students' instructors' marks. In Part 2 of the study we found strong and significant association between the McGill coding scores and the instructors' marks for the 16 proposals. This study is a first step in identifying, operationalizing, and testing user-centered implicit knowledge elements for future implementation in interactive information systems designed for middle school students researching a thesis-objective history assignment.
    Date
    22. 3.2013 19:41:17
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.3, S.558-573
  19. Jaskolla, L.; Rugel, M.: Smart questions : steps towards an ontology of questions and answers (2014) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    The present essay is based on research funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology and carried out by the Munich School of Philosophy (Prof. Godehard Brüntrup) in cooperation with the IT company Comelio GmbH. It is concerned with setting up the philosophical framework for a systematic, hierarchical and categorical account of questions and answers in order to use this framework as an ontology for software engineers who create a tool for intelligent questionnaire design. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in programming software that enables users to create and carry out their own surveys. Considering the, to say the least, vast amount of areas of applications these software tools try to cover, it is surprising that most of the existing tools lack a systematic approach to what questions and answers really are and in what kind of systematic hierarchical relations different types of questions stand to each other. The theoretical background to this essay is inspired Barry Smith's theory of regional ontologies. The notion of ontology used in this essay can be defined by the following characteristics: (1) The basic notions of the ontology should be defined in a manner that excludes equivocations of any kind. They should also be presented in a way that allows for an easy translation into a semi-formal language, in order to secure easy applicability for software engineers. (2) The hierarchical structure of the ontology should be that of an arbor porphyriana.
    Date
    9. 2.2017 19:22:59
    Source
    Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss
  20. Lee, C.P.; Trace, C.B.: ¬The role of information in a community of hobbyist collectors (2009) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    This article marries the study of serious leisure pursuits with library and information science's (LIS) interest in people's everyday use, need, seeking, and sharing of information. Using a qualitative approach, the role of information as a phenomenon was examined in relation to the leisure activity of hobbyist collecting. In the process, a model and a typology for these collectors were developed. We find that the information needs and information seeking of hobbyist collectors is best represented as an interrelationship between information and object needs, information sources, and interactions between collectors and their publics. Our model of the role of information in a particular domain of hobbyist collecting moves away from the idea of one individual seeking information from formal systems and shifts towards a model that takes seriously the social milieu of a community. This collecting community represents a layer of a social system with complex interactions and specialized information needs that vary across collector types. Only the serious collectors habitually engage in information seeking and, occasionally, in information dissemination, in the traditional sense, yet information flows through the community and serves as a critical resource for sustaining individual and communal collecting activities.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:01:49
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.621-637

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