-
Tejomurty, A.: Chain procedure : the first model of pre-coordinate indexing (1986)
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- Source
- Ranganathan's philosophy: assessment, impact and relevance. Proc. of the Int. Conf. organised by the Indian Library Association an co-sponsored by Sarada Ranganathan' Endowment for Library Science. Ed.: T.S. Rajagopalan
-
Das, S.P.: Chain procedure and precoordinate indexing (1986)
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- Source
- Ranganathan's philosophy: assessment, impact and relevance. Proc. of the Int. Conf. organised by the Indian Library Association an co-sponsored by Sarada Ranganathan' Endowment for Library Science. Ed.: T.S. Rajagopalan
-
Vinayak, K.; Taneja, K.K.: Chain procedure and its influence on other precoordinate indexing systems (1986)
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- Source
- Ranganathan's philosophy: assessment, impact and relevance. Proc. of the Int. Conf. organised by the Indian Library Association an co-sponsored by Sarada Ranganathan' Endowment for Library Science. Ed.: T.S. Rajagopalan
-
Rowland, M.J.: Web site design for indexers (2000)
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- Abstract
- Do indexers really need Web sites? No, they do not. Indexers do not need computers either. Indexes can be done on cards; networking can be done at conferences; and marketing can be done with cold calls. But, just as email has become indispensable to communication, and computers have become essential to indexing, so Web sites have become more and more necessary for all types of businesses, particularly small companies with small advertising budgets, like indexing businesses. The amount of business being conducted on the Web is increasing exponentially. Publishers, packagers, and other potential clients are beginning to search the Web for indexers. Why not participate in e-commerce, the newest way of doing business? A good Web site not only helps you obtain work, it increases your professional reputation and helps you influence the future of indexing. You can use your site as an online resume, to display a list of all the books you have indexed in the past year, to provide examples of your work, and to network with others. You can use it to express your philosophy of indexing, to teach others about indexing, and to make your voice heard on issues affecting the indexing profession. Not all indexers need Web sites, but active, involved, and far-sighted indexers, like you, do!
- Imprint
- Phoenix, AZ : American Society of Indexers / Information Today
-
Luhn, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature (1985)
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- Abstract
- In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Mulvany, N.C.: Indexing books (2005)
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- Content
- Enthält die Kapitel: Introduction to book indexing - The author and the index - Getting started - Structure of entries - Arrangement of entries - Special concerns in indexing - Names, names, names - Format and layout of the index - Editing the index - Tools for indexing - Appendix A: Specifications worksheet - Appendix B: Resources for indexers
- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.4, S.160-162 (C. Jacobs): "This update maintains the place of Mulvany's 1994 work as an essential indexing resource. Addressed to indexers, authors and editors, it provides a thorough introduction to the field of back-of-the-book indexing, while providing context and direction for dealing with some of the more arcane problems that can arise. Book indexers must analyze text rapidly and organize the "map" that they are creating in a manner that fits the anticipated cognitive patterns of potential readers, is internally consistent and corresponds to standards. Intuition, high-level analytical skills, pattern-recognition abilities, commonsense and the ability to communicate the big picture as well as the details in few words are signs of a gifted indexer. Thus, it makes sense that Nancy Mulvany's conviction that indexers are born, not made, underlies the purpose and structure of Indexing Books. Consequently, this is a book that focuses on best practices and acceptable options, not on specializations. While it provides contexts and procedures for the practice of indexing so that individuals new to the field may use it as a textbook, it goes beyond this to suggest avenues and resources for decisionmaking. Established professionals as well as students will therefore find it useful. Mulvany speaks directly to the readers, engaging them with the material; her philosophy comes through clearly. Mulvany refers extensively to current authorities throughout, linking practice to ISO standards, the British standard, NISO guidelines, AACR2R, the Chicago Manual of Style, as well as to more specialized resources. Citations have been meticulously updated and references to the latest research and discussions included. ..."
- Imprint
- Chicago : University of Chicago Press
-
Miksa, F.: ¬The DDC Relative Index (2006)
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- Abstract
- The "Relative Index" of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is investigated over the span of its lifetime in 22 editions of the DDC as to its character as a concept indexing system, its provision of conceptual contexts for the terms it lists, and the way in which the index intersects with special tables of categories used in the system. Striking features of the index that are discussed include how the locater function of an index is expressed in it, its practice of including concepts that have not been given specific notational locations in the system, its two methods of providing conceptual contexts for indexed terms (by means of the notation of the system and by the insertion of enhancement terms that portray conceptual context), and how the index has intersected with three types of special tables of categories in the system. Critical issues raised include the indexing of constructed or synthesized complex concepts, inconsistencies in how enhancement terms are portrayed and the absence of them in some instances, the problem of equating conceptual context with disciplinary context, and problems associated with not indexing one type of special table. Summary and conclusions are extended to problems that arise in studying the index.
-
Ross, J.: ¬The impact of technology on indexing (2000)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.25-26
-
Weinberg, B.H.: Predecessors of scientific indexing structures in the domain of religion (2001)
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- Source
- Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.178-180
-
Walker, D.: Subject-oriented Web indexing (2000)
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- Abstract
- My goal in this short article is to bring you up to speed on Web indexing. I assume you are a person with good word skills and an inquisitive mind. Also, I assume you have good keyboard skills, access to the Internet, and have already created some HTML pages using, say, Netscape Composer. You may need help from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to upload pages onto your Web site. This article is based on my experience teaching an online interactive course in Web indexing for my company, WWWalker Web Development, in 1998. We develop Web sites, support Linux and Windows NT, write technical articles, and specialize in Web indexing.
- Imprint
- Phoenix, AZ : American Society of Indexers / Information Today
-
Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978)
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- Source
- Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
-
Weinberg, B.H.: ¬The body of a reference work in relation to its index : an analysis of wordsmanship (1996)
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- Abstract
- Wordmanship is a humorous dictionary cum index. Analyzing its structure, considers general aspects of the design of a reference work in relation to its index. Indexers should be consulted at the design stage of reference books, as they may suggest reversal of the primary entries, and the index entries; refine the cross-reference-structure; revise locator notation; and select appropriate typography
- Date
- 8. 3.1997 20:22:25
- Source
- Indexer. 20(1996) no.1, S.18-22
-
Bell, H.K.: Indexing biographies, and other stories of human lives (1992)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.46-47 (R. Fugmann)
- Imprint
- London : Society of Indexers
-
Olason, S.C.: Let's get usable! : Usability studies for indexes (2000)
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- Abstract
- The article discusses a series of usability studies on indexes from a systems engineering and human factors perspective. The purpose of these studies is to establish a set of user requirements that indexes need to satisfy. The results from the first set of studies are presented and suggestions made as to how these can be applied to improve the usability and quality of indexes.
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://www.theindexer.org/files/22-2-olason.pdf.
- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.2, S.91-95
-
Stauber, D.M.: Facing the text : content and structure in book indexing (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.3, S.135-136 (N. Bridge): "Authors of books have usually lived with their material for years before they embark on the arduous business of writing the book, followed by the revisiting during the editing and publishing processes. The indexers of their books usually have between two and four weeks to absorb the subject of the book. Even with a prior knowledge of the discipline, they are faced with the author's particular "take" on the subject and writing style, including any one of a number of ways of presenting the material. This is multiplied in complexity when the book is a multiauthored work, a collection of essays and papers, comprising several authors' differing views and individual styles. Ideally, the indexer is an expert in the subject matter of the book, perfectly matched to the book; in practice, this almost never happens. Indexers aim at producing an index that is truly reflective of the individual book and its author, a goal that often seems overwhelming when the pile of page proofs arrives with the courier, or electronically through a PDF file, hundreds of pages of closely argued text. As well as the time limit, there can be other restrictions, most commonly having to make the index fit into the number of pages decreed by the publisher, with difficult, even agonizing decisions lying ahead. Consequently, indexers can fall into a number of different traps: getting lost in a welter of detailed overindexing; or, mindful of time and space limits, indexing too broadly and simplistically, bouncing from text heading to heading, topic sentence to topic sentence. Most indexers of academic books I know, including myself, tend to fall into the first category at least with their first few indexes. Especially when the content is personally fascinating, it's easy to lose a rational, analytical approach to the content of a book, and wrest this back only with difficulty during the editing stage with the deadline looming. Do Mi Stauber's title, Facing the Text, is, thus, provocative, because that's what all indexers inevitably have to do. She knows the process: for example, at the start, the "gap between you and those pages that for a moment seems very wide" (p. 1). This sympathetic, personal tone pervades the book: the emphasis is on the personal experiences, feelings, and perceptions of indexers when confronted by the various situations thrown up by indexing; it's "I" and "you" throughout. The chapter subheadings often echo this: my tendency to lose sight of main topics is explained and diagnosed in "Lost Among the Trees" (p. 63-64). The section "Being Stuck" (p. 324-26), describes a number of reasons for this common malady, along with remedies for each, including the "Hammock Method" (p. 46). Stauber has been presenting workshops with the title "Facing the Text" since 1997, and her book reflects a friendly, listening engagement with her audience.
She divides the topics within the text to be indexed into the categories of metatopics, local main topics, and ancillary topics, followed by subheadings. The indexability of individual topics at whatever level, and their wording, absorb other chapters. Linkages among the topics - cross-references and doubleposting - arc tracked in the chapter "Connections and Access." Finally, the mechanics of indexing are contained in "Process" and "Inside an Indexer's Brain" describes her own procedure and feelings as she indexes a book from beginning to end. When I initially faced the text of this book, I felt overwhelmed, even bewildered, by the plethora of terminology, much of it Stauber's own. Further, each chapter is divided into a complex array of headings, subheadings, sub-subheadings, and more. But when I read from beginning to end, all those pieces fell into place. Stauber develops her text logically, explaining each step of the way clearly, distinguishing each detail from others, and frequently linking passages to relevant others. At every stage in the book, she illustrates with copious examples from indexes she or others have compiled. In the case of her own indexes, she describes her thought processes, her initial reactions to what she read, her decisions regarding the use of particular topics and at what level, and of her chosen terminology; and also, and often, how and why she later changed her mind as she got further into the text. This forms a candid and detailed analysis of indexing, step by step, stage by stage, complex and subtle but with a perceptibly firm connecting structure. In short, she's a good writer.
Facing the Text falls into what I call the third wave of books about back-of-the-book indexing. Each of these waves overlaps, but generally the first consists of the general manuals on indexing books (and other media): Booth, Knight, Mulvany, and Wellisch, along with chapter 18 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. These set out the fundamental principles, conventions, or rules of indexing in a mostly impersonal, dispassionate tone. The second wave carried manuals on indexing in specific disciplines and genres: biography, medicine, law, psychology, history, genealogy, etc. The third wave, exemplified by Stauber's Facing the Text and Smith and Kells' Inside Indexing, delves into what goes through the mind of the indexer "facing the text" and putting together an index based on it. The tone is personal and subjective, the authors taking the reader through their own perceptions of the stages of indexing a book, the inevitable problems and subsequent decision making, expressed through their own reactions and reasoning. Facing the Text is not a manual where the newcomer to indexing can find immediate answers to specific problems: the first and second waves of books on indexing are designed to provide those. It's a book for the professional indexer or academic author indexing more than one book; its effect is to hone skills and refine working habits, to increase efficiency and effectiveness, to create indexes that make faithful, logical sense of the text. Newcomers, including first-time academic-author indexers, should begin with the last chapter "Inside an Indexer's Brain," then the second-to-last chapter, "Process"; in fact, I would suggest that any reader begin with "Inside an Indexer's Brain," for its introduction to the terminology and the overall look at indexing, from the first to the last page of the text to be indexed. As one would expect, the index to Facing the Text is comprehensive; in fact, exhaustive, and admirably detailed. The personable, conversational tone continues here, with entries such as "Subheadings/creating as you go" and "Notes to yourself." Of course, "Being stuck" is there as is, and also helpfully doubleposted as "Stuckness strategies." Finally, and on a relatively small note, this is a nicely designed book. Not only is it laid out for looks, it's laid out for use. The type is a friendly size, and the complex structure of headings, subheadings, and sub-subheadings is rendered immediately intelligible by the well-chosen fonts. My only criticism concerns the tightness of the binding; manuals should lie flat, without having to be anchored on each side with paperweights."
-
Bell, H.K.: History of societies of indexing : part VII: 1992-95 (2000)
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- Abstract
- The development of international relations and technology predominated in indexing through these four years, 1992-95, as reflected in the four societies' international journal, The Indexer.
- Source
- Indexer. 22(2000) no.2, S.81-83
-
Lathrop, L.: ¬An indexer's guide to the Internet (1999)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)
- Imprint
- Medford, NJ : Information Today / American Society of Indexers
-
Diodato, V.: Duplicate entries versus see cross references in back-of-the book indexes (1994)
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- Abstract
- Considers whether, when there is a choice, a back-of-book indexer should use a duplicate entry or a see reference. Guidelines suggest that it is preferable to use the duplicate entry if it would not add to the length or complexity of the index. Studies 1.100 see references in 202 back-of-book indexes and concludes that 22% of the see references should have been replaced by duplicate entries. Failure to select a duplicate entry instead of a see reference occurs most frequently in science and techology books and in indexes with no subheadings
-
Shuttleworth, C.: Marot, Hofstadter, index (1998)
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- Abstract
- Comments on Douglas Hofstadter's index to his book 'Le ton beau de Marot: in praise of the music of language'. Hofstadter took charge of the book design, typography, typesetting and copy-editing, and also compiled the index which covers 23 pages of 3 columnes and is set in a practically illegible 4-point. Although the index breaks all the rules of indexing, it is a masterly creation showing the author's industry, exhuberance and wit. Summarizes Hofstadter's own remarks on how creating the index gave hin new insights into what his book was essentially about
- Source
- Indexer. 21(1998) no.1, S.22-23
-
Schroeder, K.A.: Layered indexing of images (1998)
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- Abstract
- The General Motors Media Archives (GMMA) project is undertaking one of the largest digitization efforts in the world. GMMA houses over 3 million still photographic images and tens of thousands of motion picture films and videos spanning over a hundred years. The images are a rich history of the evolution of transport, urban growth, fashion, design, and popular culture. GMMA has developed a layered approach to visual indexing that dissects the objects, style and implication of each image, so that the indexing system can accomodate all potential approaches to the material. Explains each layer of indexing and provides examples which show implication layers that can easily be missed
- Date
- 9. 4.2000 17:22:00
