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Austin, D.: PRECIS in a multilingual context : Pt.1: PRECIS: an overview (1976)
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Lonsdale, D.; Mitamura, T.; Nyberg, E.: Acquisition of large lexicons for practical knowledge-based MT (1994/95)
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Lam, W.; Chan, K.; Radev, D.; Saggion, H.; Teufel, S.: Context-based generic cross-lingual retrieval of documents and automated summaries (2005)
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Petrelli, D.; Beaulieu, M.; Sanderson, M.; Demetriou, G.; Herring, P.; Hansen, P.: Observing users, designing clarity : a case study an the user-centered design of a cross-language information retrieval system (2004)
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Petrelli, D.; Levin, S.; Beaulieu, M.; Sanderson, M.: Which user interaction for cross-language information retrieval? : design issues and reflections (2006)
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Bilal, D.; Bachir, I.: Children's interaction with cross-cultural and multilingual digital libraries : II. Information seeking, success, and affective experience (2007)
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Pirkola, A.; Puolamäki, D.; Järvelin, K.: Applying query structuring in cross-language retrieval (2003)
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Oard, D.W.; He, D.; Wang, J.: User-assisted query translation for interactive cross-language information retrieval (2008)
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Luo, M.M.; Nahl, D.: Let's Google : uncertainty and bilingual search (2019)
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Roy, D.; Bhatia, S.; Jain, P.: Information asymmetry in Wikipedia across different languages : a statistical analysis (2022)
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Fulford, H.: Monolingual or multilingual web sites? : An exploratory study of UK SMEs (2000)
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- Source
- Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
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Tsuji, K.; Kageura, K.: Automatic generation of Japanese-English bilingual thesauri based on bilingual corpora (2006)
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- Abstract
- The authors propose a method for automatically generating Japanese-English bilingual thesauri based on bilingual corpora. The term bilingual thesaurus refers to a set of bilingual equivalent words and their synonyms. Most of the methods proposed so far for extracting bilingual equivalent word clusters from bilingual corpora depend heavily on word frequency and are not effective for dealing with low-frequency clusters. These low-frequency bilingual clusters are worth extracting because they contain many newly coined terms that are in demand but are not listed in existing bilingual thesauri. Assuming that single language-pair-independent methods such as frequency-based ones have reached their limitations and that a language-pair-dependent method used in combination with other methods shows promise, the authors propose the following approach: (a) Extract translation pairs based on transliteration patterns; (b) remove the pairs from among the candidate words; (c) extract translation pairs based on word frequency from the remaining candidate words; and (d) generate bilingual clusters based on the extracted pairs using a graph-theoretic method. The proposed method has been found to be significantly more effective than other methods.
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Oard, D.W.: Serving users in many languages : cross-language information retrieval for digital libraries (1997)
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- Source
- D-Lib magazine. 3(1997) no.12, xx S
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Soergel, D.: SemWeb: proposal for an open, multifunctional, multilingual system for integrated access to knowledge about concepts and terminology (1996)
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Soergel, D.: SemWeb: Proposal for an Open, multifunctional, multilingual system for integrated access to knowledge about concepts and terminology : exploration and development of the concept (1996)
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-
Olvera-Lobo, M.-D.; García-Santiago, L.: Analysis of errors in the automatic translation of questions for translingual QA systems (2010)
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-
Austin, D.; Sørensen, J.: PRECIS in a multilingual context : Pt.2: A linguistic and logical explanation of the syntax. (1976)
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Strobel, S.; Marín-Arraiza, P.: Metadata for scientific audiovisual media : current practices and perspectives of the TIB / AV-portal (2015)
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- Location
- D
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Borgman, C.L.: Multi-media, multi-cultural, and multi-lingual digital libraries : or how do we exchange data In 400 languages? (1997)
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- Abstract
- The Internet would not be very useful if communication were limited to textual exchanges between speakers of English located in the United States. Rather, its value lies in its ability to enable people from multiple nations, speaking multiple languages, to employ multiple media in interacting with each other. While computer networks broke through national boundaries long ago, they remain much more effective for textual communication than for exchanges of sound, images, or mixed media -- and more effective for communication in English than for exchanges in most other languages, much less interactions involving multiple languages. Supporting searching and display in multiple languages is an increasingly important issue for all digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Even if a digital library contains materials in only one language, the content needs to be searchable and displayable on computers in countries speaking other languages. We need to exchange data between digital libraries, whether in a single language or in multiple languages. Data exchanges may be large batch updates or interactive hyperlinks. In any of these cases, character sets must be represented in a consistent manner if exchanges are to succeed. Issues of interoperability, portability, and data exchange related to multi-lingual character sets have received surprisingly little attention in the digital library community or in discussions of standards for information infrastructure, except in Europe. The landmark collection of papers on Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure, for example, contains no discussion of multi-lingual issues except for a passing reference to the Unicode standard. The goal of this short essay is to draw attention to the multi-lingual issues involved in designing digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Many of the multi-lingual design issues parallel those of multi-media digital libraries, a topic more familiar to most readers of D-Lib Magazine. This essay draws examples from multi-media DLs to illustrate some of the urgent design challenges in creating a globally distributed network serving people who speak many languages other than English. First we introduce some general issues of medium, culture, and language, then discuss the design challenges in the transition from local to global systems, lastly addressing technical matters. The technical issues involve the choice of character sets to represent languages, similar to the choices made in representing images or sound. However, the scale of the language problem is far greater. Standards for multi-media representation are being adopted fairly rapidly, in parallel with the availability of multi-media content in electronic form. By contrast, we have hundreds (and sometimes thousands) of years worth of textual materials in hundreds of languages, created long before data encoding standards existed. Textual content from past and present is being encoded in language and application-specific representations that are difficult to exchange without losing data -- if they exchange at all. We illustrate the multi-language DL challenge with examples drawn from the research library community, which typically handles collections of materials in 400 or so languages. These are problems faced not only by developers of digital libraries, but by those who develop and manage any communication technology that crosses national or linguistic boundaries.
- Source
- D-Lib magazine. 3(1997) no.6, xx S
